31. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1169–72; Beevor, Stalingrad, 404–5; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 136.
32. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1171–81; Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin, 81–88.
33. Frieser, “Schlagen aus der Nachhand,” 101–2; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1181–84; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 139; Erickson, The Road to Berlin, 45.
34. Frieser, “Schlagen aus der Nachhand,” 104–6; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1184–89; Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin, 90–96; Erickson, The Road to Berlin, 45–53. For Manstein’s assessment of the winter operations, see Manstein, Lost Victories, 368–442.
35. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1190–91; Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin, 96–97; Erickson, The Road to Berlin, 453–55.
36. Frieser, “Schlagen aus der Nachhand,” 107; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1192–93, and “Von Stalingrad nach Kursk,” 6, 51–60; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 139–40, 183–87.
37. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 609–11, and “Zur Frage eines Sonderfriedens im Osten”; Fleischhauer, Die Chance des Sonderfriedens, 81–82, 285–86, and passim; Magenheimer, Hitler’s War, 192–96. See also Koch, “The Specter of a Separate Peace,” 531–49.
38. Boberach, ed., Meldungen aus dem Reich, 31 August, 3 September, 9 November 1942, 28 January, 1, 8, 11, 15, 22 February, 8 March, 5, 12 April 1943; “Stimmungsumschwung in der deutschen Bevölkerung,” in Wette and Ueberschär, eds., Stalingrad, 61–66; Kershaw, The “Hitler Myth,” 192; Steinert, “Stalingrad,” 174–76, and Hitler’s War, 184–86; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1212–13, and “Die Aporie des Krieges,” 211.
39. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1213–15, and “Von Stalingrad nach Kursk,” 3–8, 35–36; Roberts, Victory at Stalingrad, 189–94.
40. Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 561–62; Evans, The Third Reich at War, 423–25; Moltmann, “Goebbels’ Speech on Total War, February 18, 1943,” 319–22; Boelcke, “Wollt ihr den totalen Krieg?” 445–46; Herf, The Jewish Enemy, 192–95; Fritzsche, Life and Death in the Third Reich, 283–84.
41. Steinert, Hitler’s War, 188–89; Boberach, ed., Meldungen, 22 February 1943; Kroener, “ ‘Nun, Volk, steh auf…!’” 152–62; Evans, The Third Reich at War, 424; Boelcke, “Wollt ihr den totalen Krieg?” 414.
42. Wegner, “Von Stalingrad nach Kursk,” 14–15; Kroener, “ ‘Nun, Volk, steh auf…!’” 152–62.
43. Kroener, “ ‘Nun, Volk, steh auf…!’” 164–66.
44. Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, 562–64, 566–72; Wegner, “Von Stalingrad nach Kursk,” 15–16; Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 258; TBJG, 2 March 1943.
45. Wegner, “Von Stalingrad nach Kursk,” 19–21; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 593–95.
46. Overy, Why the Allies Won, 114–22, 331–32; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 596–98, 600, 688 table A6; Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 280–87; Evans, The Third Reich at War, 441–42; Blank, “Kriegsalltag,” 366–70; Boog, “The Strategic Air War,” 22–29; TBJG, 7 March 1943.
47. Evans, The Third Reich at War, 442–50; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 601–5; Boog, “The Strategic Air War,” 43–51; Middlebrook, The Battle of Hamburg, 252–327; Friedrich, The Fire, 165–68, 329–30; Boberach, ed., Meldungen aus dem Reich, 19 August 1943; Steinert, Hitler’s War, 202–4, 213–15, 228–33; Kershaw, The “Hitler Myth,” 202–3; Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 283–84.
48. Overy, War and Economy in the Third Reich, 303–11; Stibbe, Women in the Third Reich, 91–96; Evans, The Third Reich at War, 358–61.
49. Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 179–81, and Hitler’s Foreign Workers, 189, 265–68; Müller, “Die Zwangsrekrutierung von ‘Ostarbeitern,’” 100–101; Fings, “Slaves for the ‘Home Front,’” 233–57, 265–71; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 300–303; Evans, The Third Reich at War, 351–57, 361–63, 370–71; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 517–19.
50. Shepherd, “Hawks, Doves and ‘Tote Zonen,’” 349–52, “ ‘Wehrmacht’ Security Regiments,” 492–98, and “The Continuum of Brutality,” 49–59; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1005–10.
On the partisan war generally, see Mulligan, “Reckoning the Cost of People’s War”; Klinkhammer, “Der Partisanenkrieg der Wehrmacht”; Richter, “Die Wehrmacht und der Partisanenkrieg”; Chiari, “Die Büchse der Pandora”; Umbreit, “Das unbewältigte Problem”; Anderson, “Germans, Ukrainians and Jews,” “Incident at Baranivka,” and “Die 62. Infanterie-Division”; Schulte, German Army; Shepherd, War in the Wild East; Slepyan, Stalin’s Guerrillas; and Musial, Sowjetische Partisanen.
51. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1011–13, 1017; Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 946–73; Mulligan, “Reckoning the Cost of People’s War,” 45–47; Shepherd, “Hawks, Doves and ‘Tote Zonen,’” 352–53, “ ‘Wehrmacht’ Security Regiments,” 498–520, and “The Continuum of Brutality,” 59–81; Schramm, ed., Kriegstagebuch, 14 August 1942, 2, pt. 3:587–89.
52. Shepherd, “Hawks, Doves and ‘Tote Zonen,’” 353–54, 362–64, and “ ‘Wehrmacht’ Security Regiments,” 494–96; Richter, “Die Wehrmacht und der Partisanenkrieg,” 855–57; Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 975–1036.
53. Evans, The Third Reich at War, 363–69; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 307–16; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 445–46, 531–33; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 181–89; Hayes, Industry and Ideology, 361–65, 439–67.
54. Evans, The Third Reich at War, 363–69, 663–65; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 307–16; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction, 531–33, 627–31; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 181–89; Wachsmann, Hitler’s Prisons, 394–95; Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 372–74; Neufeld, The Rocket and the Reich, 197–238.