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———. “Hitler and the Policy-Making Process on the Jewish Question.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 3, no. 1 (1988): 1–20.

Baranova, Olga. “Nationalism, Anti-Bolshevism or the Will to Survive? Collaboration in Belarus under the Nazi Occupation of 1941–1944.” European Review of History 15, no. 2 (2008): 113–28.

Barber, John, and Mark Harrison. The Soviet Home Front, 1941–1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War II. New York: Longman, 1991.

Barkai, Avraham. “Schicksalsjahr 1938.” In Der Judenpogrom 1938: Von der “Reichskristallnacht” zum Völkermord, ed. Walter H. Pehle, 94–117. Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1988.

Bartov, Omer. Germany’s War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.

———. “Germany’s Unforgettable War: The Twisted Road from Berlin to Moscow and Back.” Diplomatic History 25, no. 3 (2001): 405–23.

———. “Defining Enemies, Making Victims: Germans, Jews, and the Holocaust.” American Historical Review 103, no. 3 (1998): 771–816.

———. “German Soldiers and the Holocaust: Historiography, Research and Implications.” History and Memory 9, nos. 1–2 (1997): 162–88.

———. Murder in Our Midst: The Holocaust, Industrial Killing, and Representation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

———. “An Idiot’s Tale: Memories and Histories of the Holocaust.” Journal of Modern History 67, no. 1 (1995): 55–82.

———. “War, Memory and Repression: Alexander Kluge and the Politics of Representation in Postwar Germany.” Tel Aviver Jahrbuch für deutsche Geschichte 23 (1994): 413–32.

———. “The Conduct of War: Soldiers and the Barbarization of Warfare.” Journal of Modern History 64 (1992): S32–S45.

———. “The Myths of the Wehrmacht.” History Today 42 (April 1992): 30–36.

———. Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

———. “Brutalität und Mentalität: Zum Verhalten deutscher Soldaten an der ‘Ostfront.’” In Erobern und Vernichten: Der Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion, 1941–1945, ed. Peter Jahn and Reinhard Rürup, 183–99. Berlin: Argon, 1991.

———. “The Missing Years: German Workers, German Soldiers.” German History 8, no. 1 (1990): 46–65.

———. “Daily Life and Motivation in War: The Wehrmacht in the Soviet Union.” Journal of Strategic Studies 12, no. 2 (1989): 200–214.

———. The Eastern Front, 1941–45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare. New York: St. Martin’s, 1986.

———. “Indoctrination and Motivation in the Wehrmacht: The Importance of the Unquantifiable.” Journal of Strategic Studies 9, no. 1 (1986): 16–34.

———. “The Barbarisation of Warfare: German Officers and Men on the Eastern Front, 1941–1945.” Jahrbuch des Instituts für deutsche Geschichte 13 (1984): 305–39.

Bauer, Yehuda. Rethinking the Holocaust. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.

———. Jews for Sale? Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1933–45. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.

———. “Who Was Responsible and When? Some Well-Known Documents Revisited.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 6, no. 2 (1991): 129–49.

———. “The Death Marches, January–May 1945.” In The Nazi Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of the European Jews (9 vols.), ed. Michael R. Marrus, 9:491–511. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1989.

———. “The Death-Marches, January–May 1945.” Modern Judaism 3, no. 1 (1983): 1–21.

———. A History of the Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts, 1982.

———. “Genocide: Was It the Nazis’ Original Plan?” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 450 (1980): 35–45.

———. “ ‘Onkel Saly’—die Verhandlungen des Saly Mayer zur Rettung der Juden, 1944/45.” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 25, no. 2 (1977): 188–219.

Baumgart, Winfried. “Zur Ansprache Hitlers vor den Führern der Wehrmacht am 22. August 1939.” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 16, no. 2 (1968): 120–49.

Beevor, Antony. The Fall of Berlin, 1945. New York: Viking, 2002.

———. “Stalingrad.” MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History 11, no. 1 (1998): 6–17.

———. Stalingrad, the Fateful Siege: 1942–1943. London: Penguin, 1998.

Bellamy, Chris. Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War. New York: Knopf, 2007.

Below, Nicolaus von. At Hitler’s Side: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant, 1937–1945. Translated by Geoffrey Brooks. London: Greenhill, 2001.

———. Als Hitlers Adjutant, 1937–45. Mainz: Hase & Koehler, 1980.

Benz, Wolfgang. “Der Judenmord im Bewusstsein der Deutschen.” Bohemia 34, no. 2 (1993): 305–13.

———. “Der Generalplan Ost: Zur Germanisierungspolitik des NS-Regimes in den besetzten Ostgebieten, 1939–1945.” In Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus dem Osten: Ursachen, Ereignisse, Folgen, ed. Wolfgang Benz, 45–57. Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1985.

———. Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus dem Osten: Ursachen, Ereignisse, Folgen. Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1985.

———. “Judenvernichtung aus Notwehr? Die Legenden um Theodore N. Kaufman.” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 29, no. 4 (1981): 615–30.

Berkhoff, Karel C. “The Mass Murder of Soviet Prisoners of War and the Holocaust: How Were They Related?” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 6, no. 4 (2005): 789–96.

———. Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.

———. “The ‘Russian’ Prisoners of War in Nazi-Ruled Ukraine as Victims of Genocidal Massacre.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 15, no. 1 (2001): 1–32.

Bernig, Jörg. Eingekesselt: Die Schlacht um Stalingrad im deutschsprachigen Roman nach 1945. New York: Peter Lang, 1997.

Bessel, Richard. “Murder amidst Collapse: Explaining the Violence of the Last Months of the Third Reich.” In Years of Persecution, Years of Extermination: Saul Friedländer and the Future of Holocaust Studies, ed. Christian Wiese and Paul Betts, 255–68. London: Continuum, 2010.

———. “The Shadow of Death in Germany at the End of the Second World War.” In Between Mass Death and Individual Loss: The Place of the Dead in Twentieth-Century Germany, ed. Alon Confino, Paul Betts, and Dirk Schumann, 51–68. New York: Berghahn, 2008.

———. “The War to End All Wars: The Shock of Violence in 1945 and Its Aftermath in Germany.” In No Man’s Land of Violence: Extreme Wars in the Twentieth Century, ed. Alf Lüdtke and Bernd Weisbrod, 71–99. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2006.

Beyer, Wilhelm Raimund. Stalingrad: Unten, Wo das Leben Konkret War. Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum, 1987.