Franco, Francisco, 3, 46–48, 51
Frank, Hans, 19, 21, 65, 73, 180, 258–59
Frankfurt (Oder), 454, 460
Frederick II, “the Great” (king of Prussia), 206
Fredericus, Operation, xv, 248, 250–51, 253
Freikorps, xv, 460
Fricke, Kurt (Rear Admiral), 42
Friessner, Johannes (General), 432, 437
Fromm, Friedrich (General), 58, 189, 204, 233
Fronts (Soviet)
Belorussian: First, 442, 444, 448, 461, 463–65, 467
Second, 442, 444, 446, 448, 461, 465
Third, 442, 444, 446
Bryansk, 211, 346, 348
Central, 345
Don, 306, 319
Kalinin, 211, 214
Leningrad, 142
Southern, 269
Southwest, 141
Stalingrad, 269, 287, 307
Steppe, 348
Ukrainian: First, 378, 387, 393–95, 442–43, 464–65, 467–68
Second, 394–96, 435, 468–69
Third, 435, 461
Fourth, 468
Volkhov, 213
Voronezh, 347
West, 211, 214, 346
Frühlingserwachen, xv, 438. See also Spring Awakening, Operation
Führer’s bunker, 465–67
Führer Headquarters, 23, 104, 109, 132, 135, 193, 206, 230, 238, 262, 275, 279, 298, 368, 371, 379, 395, 411, 430
Führer Orders, 125, 156, 281, 310, 365–66, 393, 396, 402
Funk, Walter, 41
Galen, Clemens August Graf von (Bishop of Münster), 137–39
Galicia, 89, 96, 106, 180, 220, 255, 481
Garsden, 94
Gauleiter, xv, 137, 174, 196, 220, 225, 296, 327, 335, 360–61, 425, 456–57
Gavrilovka, 288
Gehlen, Reinhard (Colonel), 337, 341–42, 379, 384, 442
General Government (Poland), 21, 65, 73, 180, 218–19, 225–26, 256–57, 259, 476
Generalplan Ost (General Plan East), xv, 93, 236, 253–54, 256–57, 259–60, 317, 334, 477, 481, 485
General Staff (German), 33, 53, 59, 84, 113, 270, 280, 417
General Staff (Soviet), 339
Geneva Convention, 167
Georgian Military Road, 282
German army
ammunition shortages, 57–58, 120, 149–50, 169, 188, 190, 207–8, 216, 229, 236, 251, 262, 276–77, 283–85, 297, 299, 318–19, 329–30, 363, 440, 464
anti-Bolshevism in, 36–37, 42, 67–70, 97–98, 101–2, 320, 374–75, 440, 453, 483, 510n40
anti-Semitism in, 66–67, 69–70, 96–104, 374–75, 480–82, 511n44
atrocities in occupied territories, 96–104, 170–72, 333–34, 372–74, 510n36, 510n40, 511n44
breakdown in discipline, 69, 202–4, 373–74, 377, 434, 452–54
casualties, 90, 116, 151–52, 162, 185, 192–93, 214–15, 236, 247, 321, 333, 352, 355–57, 367, 369, 380, 384, 387, 392, 395, 399, 416, 420–21, 426, 433, 436, 468–70, 539n30
combat effectiveness, 56, 115–18, 121, 123, 125, 146, 150–52, 162, 182, 187–88, 192–93, 236, 271–72, 293, 295, 297, 301, 369–70, 375–76, 378, 380, 429, 432, 454, 459
and Commissar Order, xv, 68–69, 94, 480–81, 519n57
courts-martial, 377, 398, 447, 454, 467
defeatism, 27–28, 230, 331, 334, 368, 417
demotorization of, 26, 57, 383, 394, 409
French campaign, xxiii, 2, 23–24, 26–28, 44, 46, 53–54, 56–57, 78, 81–82, 87, 90, 111, 115–16, 127, 129, 135, 148, 151, 160, 186, 263, 406, 473, 476, 486
fuel shortages, 32, 38, 41, 56–58, 83–84, 119–20, 141–42, 145–46, 149–50, 154, 158, 162, 163–64, 169–70, 185–89, 190, 201–2, 205, 207, 209, 216, 233, 237, 251, 253, 262, 266–69, 271–72, 275–76, 278, 281–85, 288, 297, 308–13, 315, 318–20, 390–91, 395, 398, 401–2, 410, 427, 434, 436, 438, 440, 456, 459, 461
horses in, 26, 54, 57, 78, 83, 119, 158–59, 161–62, 164, 216, 237, 277, 297, 317–18, 343, 369, 383, 391, 394, 410, 421
and influence of Nazi ideology, 67–70, 96–98, 374–76, 480–82
and killing of Jews, 96–104, 510n36, 511n44
logistic problems, 26, 52–57, 59, 60–61, 83–84, 88–89, 117–20, 122–29, 133, 140–42, 145–46, 149–52, 154–55, 157–64, 169–70, 172, 174, 176, 182–83, 185–86, 188–90, 191–93, 199, 202–3, 205, 209–13, 216, 226, 231–32, 237, 239, 252–53, 261–62, 270, 272, 277–78, 282–84, 290–91, 297, 309–13, 317–18, 333, 339–40, 354, 366, 369, 393, 395, 427, 440, 514n81
and Mediterranean strategy, 39, 43–51, 233
morale, 89, 109, 111–12, 121, 130, 151–52, 155, 159, 162–64, 182, 188–90, 192–93, 201–3, 262, 283, 293, 295, 297, 299, 319–20, 359, 370–71, 376–77, 399, 452, 546–47n70
motivation of soldiers, 374–77, 480–83
motor vehicles in, 26, 149, 169, 216, 272, 383
and Operation Barbarossa (see Barbarossa)
and Operation Blau (see Blau)
and opposition to Hitler by senior officers, 27, 422, 428
and opposition to war by senior officers, 26–27, 39, 58–59, 82
and partisan war, 81, 86, 94, 98, 101–2, 104, 106, 108, 111, 149, 160, 174, 180, 193, 198, 212, 259, 282, 297, 317, 332–34, 340, 353–54, 374, 378, 381, 383, 385, 400, 409, 412, 415–16, 447, 479–82
plunder, 61–62, 94, 120, 172, 224–25, 310, 317, 333, 373–74, 467, 480–81
Polish campaign, 18–20
rearmament, xxiii, 10–13, 473, 475
replacements, 116–17, 126, 151–52, 160, 185, 190, 193, 202, 205, 208–9, 215, 276, 352, 367, 375, 384, 394, 426, 522n85
scorched earth policy (Russia), 369, 372–74
tanks, 27, 53, 114–16, 199, 201, 205
fear of German models, 345, 346–47, 352
losses of, 117, 141–42, 147, 149–51, 155, 160, 187, 190, 215, 237, 346, 350, 352, 356–57, 392, 408, 433, 440, 543n94
numbers of, 77, 116–18, 125, 141–42, 147, 150–52, 160, 169, 187, 190, 202, 215–16, 230, 237, 272, 283, 285–86, 289, 304, 306–8, 314–15, 319, 329–30, 340, 343, 345, 346, 348, 350, 353, 355–57, 370, 378, 380–82, 389–90, 394, 409, 413, 416, 419, 426, 435, 437, 441, 461, 542n80, 542n86
superiority of Panthers and Tigers, 345–47, 352–53, 400 (see also Germany: tank production)
troop strength, xxiii, 37–38, 53, 77–78, 87, 114, 116–17, 121, 125–26, 151–52, 182, 187, 190–93, 209, 215–16, 236, 262, 272, 292, 295, 299, 301, 309, 340, 355, 365, 367, 370, 378, 384, 387, 394, 399–400, 404, 409, 461, 470, 524n2, 547n75
trucks, 56–57, 59, 119, 114, 149, 158–60, 185, 209, 216, 237, 271–72, 297, 310, 339, 393–94, 440
use of forced labor, 364, 369, 372–73
and Vistula-Oder campaign (1945), 440–49
and winter campaign (1941–1942) (see Barbarossa)
and winter campaign (1942–1943), 322–25
and winter campaign (1943–1944), 368–99
See also Armies; Army Groups; Corps; Divisions; Ostheer; Wehrmacht
German navy, 34, 37–38, 57, 90, 226, 229, 330, 399, 431, 440, 470
German-Soviet peace feelers, 300, 363
Germany
agricultural policy, 40–41, 59–62, 170–72, 221, 224, 255, 258, 427, 477–78, 483, 506n64
Allied bombing of, 50, 83, 136–38, 174, 197, 330–32, 335, 339, 361–63, 366, 402, 422–23, 426–28, 436, 440, 453, 457, 466, 470, 483
anti-American propaganda, 15, 40, 64, 107–8, 110, 474
anti-Bolshevik propaganda (see Bolshevism)
anti-Jewish actions in, 13–15, 21–22, 64, 110, 174, 218
armaments industry: aircraft production, 238, 329–31, 363–64, 402, 426–27
ammunition production, 58, 229, 236, 329–30, 440
armaments production, 37, 57–58, 90, 169, 215–17, 229–31, 260–61, 289–90, 329–31, 335, 338, 363–64, 402, 424, 426, 440, 448, 456
collapse of, 426–27, 455–58
effect of Allied bombing, 330–31
productivity, 227–30, 332
propaganda about, 230