and Hitler, 32, 38, 66, 75, 78, 90–91, 110, 131, 155–56, 231, 300, 475–76, 484
and Lend-Lease, 184, 230, 305, 471, 535n78
and mobilization of USSR, xxiii, 12, 23, 54, 75, 81, 115, 148, 230–31, 336, 357, 401, 455, 472, 486, 508n8
and offensive (spring 1942, Kharkov), 248–52
and offensive (summer 1943), 348, 356–57
and offensive (winter 1942–1943), 323–24
and offensive (autumn-winter 1943–1944), 369–70, 382, 391–92
and Operation Jupiter, 304
and Operation Little Saturn, 315–16
and Operation Mars, 304
and Operation Saturn, xvi, 304, 316
and Operation Uranus, xvii, 292, 303–4, 306
and Order No. 227 (“Not one step back”), 273, 281, 405
and Order No. 270 (1941), 141
and partisan war, 98, 332
pre-invasion strategy, 78–80
and purge of Red Army, 44, 367
and the Reichel affair, 264
and separate peace with Germany, 131, 157, 184, 300, 325
and Stalingrad, 287–91, 303
and Stavka, 264, 324, 423, 458, 460 (see also Stavka)
as Supreme Commander, 75, 84, 89, 124, 140, 210, 212, 214–15, 244, 247–49, 264, 276, 323–25, 348, 356, 370, 406–8, 422–23, 431, 462
and Vistula-Oder operation, 441–42, 447–48, 551n13
and Warsaw Uprising (1944), 419–20, 551n13
and Western allies, xxii, xxiv, 110, 157, 406, 458, 462, 468–69, 471
Stalingrad
battle for, 289–301
encirclement of Sixth Army, 304–10, 316–18
German air attack on, 287, 535n79
German army moves toward, 271–72, 277, 283–89
German airlift for, 213, 311–12, 318 538n25
in German calculations, 164, 182, 213, 261, 267–69, 271, 275–76
and German relief attack, 313–16
and Hitler, 276, 281, 284, 290, 296–98, 300–301, 313, 405–6, 439
last days, 320–22
losses at, 116, 321–22, 337, 539n30
significance of, 197, 232, 259, 275–76, 284, 290, 298, 322, 325–26, 328, 336, 399, 469
Soviet counteroffensive, 303–10
Soviet defense of, 290–92, 293–94, 301, 535n78
Stalino, 279
Stavka (Soviet Supreme High Command), 122–24, 144, 154–55, 186, 207, 213–14, 248, 264, 288–89, 304, 324, 354, 385, 394, 396, 407, 422–23, 435–36, 441–42, 445, 448, 458, 460, 462, 466, 524n2
steel, 26, 169, 229, 289, 322, 330, 338, 366
Stemmermann, Wilhelm (General), 391
Stettin, 144, 446, 461, 465
Stockholm, 300
strategic bombing. See Germany: Allied bombing of
Strecker, Karl (General), 321
Strehla, 465
Stuckart, Wilhlem, 522n78
Stukas, xvii, 222, 243–44, 291, 294, 298–99
submarines, 38, 402, 418, 431
Sudeten crisis, 14
Sudetenland, 14
Sukhinichi, 208, 210–13
Sukhumi, 278–79
Sultanovka line, 242, 244
Sumy, 143
supply. See German army: logistic problems; Red Army: logistics
Sweden, 298, 385
iron ore, 385, 431
Szeged, 437
Taganrog, 163, 165
Taifun, xvii, 145. See also Typhoon, Operation
Tallinn, 146
Taman peninsula, 278
tank losses
German (see German army)
Soviet (see Red Army)
tank production
German (see Germany: tank production)
Soviet (see Soviet Union: tank production)
Tarnopol, 393–94, 411
Terek River, 272, 275–77, 282
Thomas, Georg (General), 9
and armaments production, 227
and Hunger Policy, 61
and invasion of Soviet Union, 58–61, 66, 83, 165, 233, 235, 239
and Speer, 233
Thuringia, 220
Tikhvin, 200
Tiger tanks. See German army: tanks
Tilsit, 94
Timoshenko, Semyon (Marshal), 80, 123–24, 144, 234, 244, 249–51, 508n17
Tim River, 208
Tinguta Station, 288
Tippelskirch, Kurt von (General), 414
Tobruk, 247
Todt, Fritz, 11, 178, 189–90, 227–28
Topf Company, 178
Torgau, 465
Toropets, 211, 213
“total war” initiative. See Germany: and total war
tractor factory (Stalingrad). See Krasny Oktyabr
Transnistria, 219
Trappenjagd (Operation Bustard Hunt). See Bustard Hunt, Operation
Treaty of Versailles. See World War I
Treblinka, 181, 226, 254, 257, 361. See also extermination camps
Tripartite Pact, 45, 48–50
troop strength, German. See German army: troop strength
troop strength, Soviet. See Red Army: troop strength
trucks. See German army: trucks; Red Army: trucks
Tsaritsa River, 290, 294
Tuapse, 277–78
Tula, 155, 156, 162, 184, 186–87, 190, 200, 203
Tundutovo Station, 288
Tunisia, 46
Turkey, 46, 241, 298
Turkish Wall, 242
Typhoon, Operation, 145, 150, 152–54, 175, 185–87, 200, 207, 211, 214
U-boats, German, 196, 233, 359, 385, 432–34
Ukraine
fighting in, 53, 56, 59, 84, 89, 115, 140–46, 148, 153, 323, 369–72, 377–81, 384, 387–99, 405–8, 434–35, 469
importance of, 37, 129, 132–33, 224–25, 255–56, 259, 402, 427 (see also Lebensraum)
murder of Jews in, 95, 97, 102, 254–56, 259, 481, 511n44
resources of, 55, 59, 61, 73, 89, 113, 140, 148, 172, 224–25, 366, 427
and scorched earth policy, 371–74
Ulianovo, 354
Uman, 141, 388, 394
United States
aid for Britain, 40, 45, 47, 51, 484
and aerial bombardment of Germany, 330–31, 363, 402, 427, 436
and casualties inflicted on Wehrmacht, 470–71
“destroyers for bases” deal, 40, 45
economic power, xxii–xxiii, 2, 10, 12, 29, 39–41, 44, 165, 325, 330, 335, 337, 359, 426–27, 471, 475, 485, 487
and entry into the war, 179, 193–97, 484
in Hitler’s calculations, xxiii, 6–8, 12, 15–17, 34–40, 42–46, 51–52, 58, 64, 71, 73, 75, 83, 90–91, 109–10, 174, 179, 193–97, 217, 226, 234–35, 253, 268, 271, 299, 326, 342, 350, 366, 368, 396, 419–20, 433, 474–76, 479, 484–87
influence on Lebensraum, 91, 93, 254, 477, 479
intelligence assessment of German situation, 324, 359–60
and “Jewish conspiracy,” 15–17, 31–32, 107–8, 110, 180, 194, 474–75, 512n56
and Lend-Lease, 40, 47, 64, 194 (see also Lend-Lease)
Lend-Lease assistance to the Soviet Union, 165, 184, 191, 230, 238, 286, 305, 386, 471, 535n78
linkup with Soviets at the Elbe, 465
in Stalin’s calculations, 157, 325, 458–59, 464, 468–69
Ural Mountains, 65, 93, 477
Uranus, Operation, xvii, 292, 304
USSR. See Soviet Union
Vasilevsky, A. M. (Marshal), 248–49, 251, 264, 292, 303, 316, 349, 422
Vatutin, N. F. (General), 347–48, 378, 387–88, 391
Verdun, Battle of, 192, 293, 298, 300, 322, 325, 345, 411, 420
Verkhne-Chirsky, 314
Versailles, Treaty of. See World War I
Vertyachiy, 286
Vichy France, 46, 48
Vienna, 14, 175, 277, 325, 474
Vilnius (Vilna), 86, 418
Vinnitsa, 279, 291–92, 367, 388
Vistula-Oder operation, 438, 441, 449
Vistula River, 406–8, 418–19, 429, 438, 441–42, 445–46, 448, 456
Vitebsk, 122, 381–82, 408–9, 412–14