Luke’s attributed authorship of, 7–8
Paul’s biographical details in, 10, 232, 234, 235
Paul’s centrality in, 7–9, 20, 29–30, 38, 137, 227, 228, 229–30
Paul’s conversion experience in, 94, 235
Paul’s de-radicalization in, 139, 234
Paul’s Judaism in, 176
pro-Roman bias of, 31, 234
resurrection miracles in, 56
Acts of Paul and Thecla, The, 235–36
Acts of Peter, 237, 265
Adam, 13, 118–22, 165
Christ as, 11, 14, 62, 119, 121
Against Heresies:
1.26.2, 224
5.2.3, 155
Ahab, 97
Alexander Severus, 89
Amen, 142, 144
Amida, 182
Ananus, 37
Andrew, 82, 208
Anthroges, 243
Antioch, 145, 213–15, 216
Apocrypha, 186, 262
Apollonius of Tyana, 88–89
Apollos, 137, 138, 139
Apology, 1.66, 155
apostles:
baptism practices of, 135, 136–39
catechetical understanding of, 4
Christianity of, xvi
Galilee return of, 31, 77–78
Jesus’ commission to, 73, 102
in Jesus’ kingdom of God, 13
in Jesus movement hierarchy, 35, 245
Jesus’ reported appearance to, 64, 78, 84
Judaism of, 6, 25, 97, 176
Luke’s listing of, 32, 253
and Pauline baptism, 137–39
Paul’s condemnation of, 218–20
Paul’s feud with, 202, 203–26
Paul’s independence from, 2, 3, 6, 18–19, 101, 139
Paul’s status among, 100, 104, 105, 107, 195–99, 200–201, 216–19, 220, 224–25, 231
Paul’s view of, 17, 18
resurrection faith of, 12, 49
selection of, 208, 217, 253
see also James the brother of Jesus; Jesus movement; John; Peter
Apostles’ Creed, xv, 241
Aquila, 137
Arabia, Paul’s journey into, 92–93, 94, 96, 99–100, 253
Aretas IV, 243
art, Christian, 6, 24
Ascension of Isaiah, 94
Ascents of James, The, 36–37, 243
Augustine, 20, 39, 52, 109
Augustus, 171
baptism:
apostolic version of, 135, 136–39
gender neutrality in, 166, 167
Jewish practice of, 14, 136, 142, 257
“kiss of holiness” in, 144
Pauline function of, 25, 128–29, 140–41
Pauline practice of, 141–44, 257, 258
Paul’s adaptation of, xviii, 14, 17, 129, 131, 135, 137–44, 156, 166, 167
proxy, 141
spiritual gifts of, 143–44
Bar Kosiba, 247
Barnabas, 33, 213, 214, 215, 216, 222
Bartchy, S. Scott, 260
Bartholomew, 251
Basilica of St. John Lateran, 204, 242
Basilica of St. Mary Major, 242
Basilica San Paolo, xix, xx, 204
Baur, Ferdinand Christian, 217–18, 227, 264
BeDuhn, Jason, 260
Benedict XVI, Pope, xx
ben Joseph, Akiva, 181
Bethsaida, 208
blood, Jewish prohibition on, 151
body:
Hebrew view of, 52–53, 57
Paul’s view of, 60, 65
see also spiritual body
Bryennios, Father, 44
Cain, 192
Caligula, 171, 203
Capernaum, 208
Caracalla, 89
Cathedral Basilica of Sts. Peter and Paul, 204
celibacy, Paul’s view of, 168–69, 170–171
Celsus, 61, 88
Cerinthians, 223
Chester Beatty papyrus, 228
Chilton, Bruce, 258–59
Christ:
competing views of, 118–19
heavenly reign of, 24–25
mystical union with, 14–15, 128–29, 130–56; see also baptism; Eucharist
as new Adam, 11, 14, 62, 119, 121
Paul as extension of, 100–107
Paul’s initial vision of, 1, 10, 11, 18, 91, 230, 232, 243, 253
Paul’s revelations from, 1–2, 3–4, 10, 15, 17, 18, 63, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 99–100, 111–12, 115, 122, 128, 133, 146, 181, 225, 230, 231, 256; see also Paul, gospel of
Paul’s understanding of, xviii, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 39, 95, 96, 101, 116, 118–22, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132–35, 141, 152–53, 156, 158, 182–83, 254, 256
spiritual body of, 11, 12, 14, 88, 115
as Yahweh, 133–35
see also Jesus, resurrection of
Christianity:
academic study of, 5–6
catechetical view of, 4–5, 23–24
central beliefs of, xv, xviii, 72
death in, 59
early documents of, 3
first written reference to, 177
global spread of, xvii
Greek critics of, 88
Hellenism in, 222
Judaism’s separation from, xviii, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 31, 176–78, 182, 222, 261
Paul’s influence on, xvi, xvii–xviii, 6, 9, 20–21, 24–25, 39, 90, 133, 154–55, 156, 221, 225
in Roman Empire, 7, 8, 24, 31, 131, 222
Roman persecution of, 155–56, 204, 242, 262–63
in Rome, 206–7
Christianity, before Paul, xvi, 2, 23–47
baptism in, 135, 136–39
Eucharist in, 15, 45–46, 145, 147–48, 154, 258
Jesus’ status in, 25, 44, 46, 148, 223
practices of, 25, 43, 45
reconstruction of, 38–47
see also Jesus movement
Christianity, Pauline:
baptism in, 25, 128–29, 140–44, 257, 258
central beliefs of, 11–20, 24–25, 182
churches’ failings in, 189
Eucharist in, 25, 129, 142, 151–56, 169
existential conflict in, 16, 17, 157–58, 159–60, 161, 164–65, 167, 169, 170–71, 172–73, 175, 184, 190–91, 192–93, 259
mysticism in, 131, 144, 153–54, 155–56, 256, 259
“reverse exorcism” in, 195
sexuality in, 160–71, 259
socioeconomics in, 171, 172–75
women in, 152, 162, 163, 164, 165, 260
worldly struggles in, 16, 17, 159–60, 161, 169, 170, 190–91, 192–94
Christians, evangelical, 49, 69, 255
Christmas, xv
Church History, 2.25.5–6, 205
Church of the Martyrdom of St. Paul, 242
Cicero, 51, 172
circumcision, 178, 261
Paul’s views on, 19, 33, 34, 183, 199–200, 210, 215
Claudius, 171, 207
Clement, 204–5
1 Clement, 5:3–7, 204
Clement of Alexandria, 35, 52
Clement of Rome, 222
Codex Bezae, 150, 258
Colossians, 7, 228, 244
1:15–17, 120
1:24, 18
2:16–17, 34
3:18–4:1, 229
4:14, 8
Christology in, 120
communion, see Eucharist
Constantine, xx, 7
1 Corinthians, 9, 10, 12, 15, 60–62, 63, 64, 71, 127, 216, 227, 231, 244, 253
1:10–17, 138
1:12, 210
1:18–24, 171
1:23–24, 113
1:26–27, 113
2:1, 110, 255
2:2, 132
2:7, 113, 255
2:7–8, 108
2:8, 112
2:12–13, 171
3:1–3, 193
3:1–4, 138
3:11–12, 231
4:1, 255
4:5, 126
4:8, 123, 202
4:12, 10, 231
4:14–21, 194
5:1–5, 187
5:3–5, 195
5:11, 195
6:2–3, 14, 123, 126, 202
6:7, 194
6:9–10, 122
6:9–11, 187
6:9–19, 170
6:15–16, 189
6:17, 13, 117
7, 168–69
7:5, 168
7:7–8, 168