2:7–8, 101, 209
2:9, 3, 19, 27, 29, 209, 245
2:12, 27, 215
2:14, 214
2:16, 256
3:1, 199
3:10, 202
3:22, 256
3:23–25, 183
3:23–26, 16
3:26–27, 139
3:27–28, 161
3:23–4:10, 211
3:28, 171
4:3–4, 259
4:4, 165
4:4–5, 101
4:6, 117, 143
4:8–10, 211
4:10, 34
4:13–14, 236
4:19–20, 197
4:25–26, 202
4:25, 92
5:2–4, 215
5:4, 200
5:10, 199
5:12, 200
5:14, 256
5:17, 190
5:18–21, 190
5:21, 122
6:2, 190, 202
6:15, 183
6:16, 201
6:17, 105
ethical instructions in, 189–90, 196, 197, 199
Galilee:
apostles’ return to, 31, 77–78, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87
Jesus sightings in, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89
Jewish revolts in, 222, 233, 247, 249
Luke’s marginalization of, 31, 87, 88
Paul’s connection to, 233, 236
Gamaliel, 232, 234
Genesis:
1:24, 52
1:27, 121, 161
1:28, 161
2:7, 52
3, 54
3:5, 119
3:15, 167
3:16, 166
3:19, 53, 119
3:22–23, 119
4:7, 192
5:24, 249
6:1–2, 163
7:15, 52
16:10, 257
18:33, 257
19:24, 257
22:11, 257
women in, 161, 163, 166, 167
Gentiles:
Christianity’s spread among, 31, 222
ethical standards for, 185, 187, 188, 262
Jewish conversion of, 33, 176, 177–78, 180, 181, 199–200, 210, 211, 214–15, 219, 261
Jewish view of, 179–80, 181, 186
Paul’s criticisms of, 185, 186, 187
Paul’s mission to, 4, 10, 18, 33, 91, 99, 100–105, 107, 176, 178, 184–85, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214–15, 217, 220, 230, 231, 232
Gischala, 233
glorification, see spiritual body
gnostics, 161, 217
gospel, meaning of, 111
Gospel of Peter, 81–83, 85–86, 87
Gospel of Thomas, 34–35, 37
Saying 12 of, 34–35
gospels, 68–90, 130
authorship of, 8, 71
chronology of, 7, 8, 12, 49, 68, 71–72, 73, 74, 84–86, 146–47, 248–49
empty tomb story in, 31, 48, 69–71, 77–81, 86, 88
Jesus’ birth in, 72, 73
Jesus’ burial in, 48, 70, 74–77, 80
Jesus sightings in, 31, 72, 73, 74, 77–78, 79, 83–87, 88, 252–53
Jesus’ youth in, 23, 245
Last Supper in, 14–15, 145–47, 252
Paul’s influence on, 7, 12, 49, 90, 147, 148
resurrection accounts in, 12, 70, 72–73, 74, 86–87, 89, 255
“resuscitation” stories in, 55–56
see also specific books
Gratus, 66
Great Commission, 73
Greek dualism, 50–52, 59, 61
Paul’s view of, 60
Greeks:
Christianity’s criticism by, 88
and early Christian culture, 222
and sexuality, 161, 170
theophagy practices among, 150–51
Hades, 51, 58, 59
Hadrian, 222, 247
Hebrews:
1:2, 120
6:2, 258
Christology in, 120
Hegesippus, 36, 37
Hermas, Shepherd of, 222
Herod Agrippa, 37, 245
Herod Antipas, 64, 65, 136
Herod the Great, 66, 233
Hillel, 254
Holy Spirit, 24
at Ephesian baptism, 138
Paul’s understanding of, 12–13, 14, 17
homosexuality, Paul’s view on, 170
Hurtado, Larry, 262
idolatry, 185–86, 187, 188, 189
Ignatius, 154, 177, 222, 236, 241
Irenaeus, 155, 205, 223–24, 241
Isaiah, 18
9:6–7, 13
11, 101
11:10, 103
26:19, 249–50
38:18, 53
45:22–23, 135
45:23, 182
49:1–2, 104
49:1–6, 18, 103
49:6, 104
49:7–8, 104
49:7, 254
49:8, 254
53:9, 252
56:6–7, 99
61:1, 255
James, letter of, 27, 46, 68, 148, 222, 224, 264
1:1, 40, 102
1:17, 42
1:22, 42
1:25, 40
2:1, 40
2:2, 41
2:5, 42
2:10, 40, 42
2:14, 40
2:17, 40
5:1, 42
5:7–9, 41
5:9, 43
5:12, 42
5:14, 43
5:15–16, 43
dispute over, 39–40
ethical content of, 41–44
James, son of Zebedee, 23, 96, 208, 245
James the brother of Jesus, 29–38, 247
archaeological evidence of, 25–26, 246
Christianity of, xvi
death of, 24, 37–38, 221
Jesus movement leadership of, 19, 23, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34–37, 151, 209, 214, 225, 247
Jesus’ reported appearance to, 64, 84
Judaism of, 6, 25, 28, 176, 184, 212, 213–14
marginalization of, 7, 9, 23, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38
Paul’s accounts of, 9
Paul’s criticism of, 3, 6, 19, 212
Paul’s disagreement with, 40, 129, 202, 211–12, 216, 225
Paul’s meetings with, 2, 3, 23, 33–34, 93, 101, 145, 210, 230
Paul’s references to, 23, 27, 29
in Paul’s resurrection testimony, 49
Peter’s purported letter to, 224–25
scholarly studies of, 25
successor of, 223
terminology related to, 23, 27–28, 35
Jeremiah:
31:31–37, 99
33:15, 13
Jerome, 26, 39, 233, 236
Jerusalem:
apostles’ mourning in, 82
cave tombs in, 75–76
Jesus sightings in, 31, 81, 83, 85, 86
Jewish revolts in, 222–23, 247, 249
Luke’s emphasis on, 31, 87
Paul’s connection to, 234, 235
Paul’s first trip to, 2, 93, 145, 210, 213, 230
Paul’s repudiation of, 202
Paul’s second trip to, 2, 3, 33, 210, 216, 230
Paul’s third trip to, 33–34, 211–12, 231
Roman destruction of, 8, 24, 222–23, 247, 249
Temple in, 184, 222, 247
Jesse, 102
Jesus:
archaeological evidence of, 26
ascension of, 89–90
baptism practices of, 14, 136–37, 139
brothers of, 26–27, 30, 31; see also James the brother of Jesus
burial of, 11, 30, 48, 64, 70, 74–77, 80, 88, 252
in Capernaum, 208
catechetical understanding of, 4
Davidic lineage of, 12, 46, 148, 202
early Christian understanding of, 25, 44, 46, 148, 223
empty tomb of, 31, 48, 69–71, 77–81, 82, 86, 88, 251
and Gentiles, 102
Gospel of Thomas sayings of, 34–35
Herod’s opinion of, 65
historical links to, 38, 43
historical understanding of, xvii, 46
Judaism of, 5, 15, 31, 43, 97, 149, 150, 151, 176, 184, 212
on kingdom of God, 13, 122–23, 180
in letter of James, 39
message of, xvi, 44, 46, 225
Paul’s connection to, 1, 235
Paul’s understanding of, xvii–xviii, 3, 12, 21, 38–39, 101, 120, 132–33, 152, 158, 202, 255, 256
resurrection miracles by, 55–56
resurrection teaching of, 58, 88, 116–17
sightings of, 31, 63–64, 72, 73, 74, 77–78, 79, 81–88, 208, 252–53