independent preaching of, 2, 3, 5, 6, 18–19, 33–34, 100–105, 129, 139, 175, 178, 180, 210–22
interpretation of, xviii
James’ relationship to, 2, 3, 9, 19, 23, 27, 29, 33–34, 40, 49, 93, 202, 210, 211–12, 216, 225, 230
Jerusalem visits of, 2, 3, 33–34, 93, 145, 210, 211–12, 213, 216, 230–31, 234
on Jesus’ brothers, 26–27
Judaism of, 10, 176, 181, 230, 232, 235, 244
Judaism’s abandonment by, 6, 16–17, 19–20, 33–34, 99, 107, 129, 175, 178, 179–84, 192, 202, 220–21, 223
manual labor of, 10, 231, 232
marital status of, 10, 231, 244–45
New Testament’s deference to, 4, 7–9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 29, 38–39, 78, 90, 156, 209, 222, 223, 227–28
Peter’s relationship to, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 19, 23–24, 33, 49, 93, 137, 202, 203–6, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 225, 230
physical disability of, 94–95, 231
Protestant focus on, 23
radicalism of, 7, 20, 129, 160, 178
resurrection faith of, 11–12, 47, 59–63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 81, 88, 114–15, 120–21, 125, 127, 158, 254
resurrection miracle by, 56
resurrection testimony of, 49, 63–64, 71, 81, 84, 87–88
Roman citizenship of, 31, 232, 233, 234
Satan’s significance to, 112, 124, 158, 159, 195, 231
special calling of, 18, 91–107, 122, 221
spiritual emphasis of, 16, 17, 47, 62–63, 90, 96, 107, 121, 122, 123–29, 131, 133, 135, 140–41, 152–53, 156, 163–64, 169, 173, 184, 192–93, 201–2, 260
suffering of, 18, 94–95, 104, 105–6, 231, 254
tomb of, xix–xxi, 204, 242
visionary experiences of, 1–2, 3–4, 10, 15, 17, 18, 38, 49, 63, 91–95, 96, 99–100, 115, 122, 128, 225, 230, 231, 232, 243, 253
see also Christianity, Pauline
Paul, attributed letters of, 209, 228, 244, 264
“Christ” terminology in, 256
de-radicalization in, 7, 20, 229
rules in, 229
Paul, authentic letters of, 3, 7, 9–10, 34, 68, 71, 107, 220, 225, 227, 228, 230, 231, 244, 245
baptism in, 139–41
“Christ” terminology in, 130, 133, 256
“gospel” terminology in, 4, 111
Jesus’ life in, 132
Peter in, 207
practical purpose of, 110, 161
Paul, gospel of, 132, 176, 230, 231
conceptual foundation of, 130
mystery of, 108–12, 114, 116, 128, 171
radicalism of, 47, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 107, 178, 181, 212, 216, 220
uniqueness of, 4, 18–19, 38, 47, 91, 107, 111
urgency of, 122
see also Christianity, Pauline
Peter:
in Acts, 8, 29
biographical outlines of, 207–8
as bishop of Rome, 205–6
Christianity of, xvi
death of, 204, 205, 206, 221, 236–37, 242, 262
James’ purported letter from, 224–25
in Jesus movement, 19, 23, 27, 32, 35, 209, 214, 245
Jesus’ reported appearance to, 64, 78, 84, 85, 208
as John the Baptizer’s disciple, 136, 209
Judaism of, 6, 25, 176, 209, 214
Luke’s emphasis on, 32
mission of, 4, 210
mourning of, 82
Paul’s accounts of, 9, 208, 209, 210
Paul’s criticism of, 3, 6, 19, 212, 213, 214, 215
Paul’s disagreement with, 202, 216, 218, 225
Paul’s meetings with, 2, 3, 93, 101, 145, 210, 230
in Paul’s resurrection testimony, 49
Paul’s traditional link to, 5, 6, 23–24, 33, 137, 203–6, 207
religious background of, 208–9
resurrection miracle by, 56
Roman Catholicism’s emphasis on, 23, 24
at transfiguration, 96
Peter, letters of, 68, 209
1 Peter:
3:3, 259
3:15, 256
5:10, 256
5:14, 256
Pauline theology in, 39, 256, 264
2 Peter, 264
2:4, 259
3:16, xviii
Peter and Paul Cathedral, 204
Pharisees, 10, 33, 58, 59, 181, 230, 232, 246
Philadelphians, 6:1, 177
Philemon, 10, 71, 107, 174, 227, 233, 244
16, 174
24, 8
Philip, 209
Philippians, 10, 71, 107, 220–21, 227, 244
1:1–26, 231
1:23, 106
2:6–7, 133
2:6–11, 119
2:10, 124
2:10–11, 142, 182
2:12, 196
2:17, 18, 105
3:2, 19
3:2–7, 221
3:3, 4, 183, 201
3:5, 10, 59, 230
3:5–6, 181, 230
3:6, 10, 230
3:7, 245
3:8, 10, 181, 231
3:8b, 106
3:10, 106
3:17, 196
3:20, 202
3:20–21, 13, 116
4:9, 197
Christology in, 118–19
ethical instructions in, 196
Philo, 52, 97, 134
Philogenes, 251
Philostratus, 253
Pilate, Pontius, 1, 31, 75, 262
Pirke Avot:
1:12, 97
1:15, 97
Plato, 50–51, 52, 59, 134, 157
Pliny the Younger, 156
Polycarp, 222, 249
Pompeii, 172
prayer:
Jesus’ teaching on, 43
in Judaism, 142, 182
Priscilla, 137
Prophets, 223
prostitution, Paul’s view on, 170
Protestants:
Eucharist view of, 153
on Jesus’ brothers, 26
Paul’s importance to, 23
Psalms, 223
6:5, 53
30:3, 53
51:1, 43
51:16, 43
88:1–6, 250
88:3–12, 53
88:10, 53
115:16–18, 54
115:17, 53
Pseudo-Clementine Homilies, 224
Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions, 224
4:35, 36–37, 225
Pseudo Clementines, 224, 225
Q source, 30, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 73, 88, 99, 148, 222, 223, 224
Republic (Cicero), 51–52
resurrection, 48–67
Greek stories of, 88–89
Greek view of, 50–52, 59, 60, 61, 250
Hebrew view of, 50, 52–55, 56–58, 59, 60, 65, 66–67, 249–50
Jesus movement’s understanding of, 58–59
Jesus’ teaching on, 58, 88, 116–17, 250
Paul’s expectation of, 125, 127, 254
terminology for, 56
see also Jesus, resurrection of
Resurrection, The: History and Myth (Vermes), 70–71
Revelation, 68
20:13, 59
21:14, 253
Robertson, A. T., 241
Roman Catholics:
Eucharist view of, 153
on Jesus’ brothers, 26
Peter and Paul’s link by, 204
Peter’s importance to, 23, 24
Roman Empire:
Christianity’s emergence in, 7, 8, 24, 31, 131, 206–7, 222
Christian persecution in, 155–56, 204, 242, 262–63
ethical standards in, 188
Jewish revolts in, 222–23, 233, 247, 249
Judaism in, 31, 156, 184, 207, 222–23, 233, 247, 254
Paul’s instructions regarding, 173–74
slavery in, 171–72
worldview of, 179
Romans, 9, 71, 216, 220, 227, 244
1:1–5, 100
1:3–4, 158
1:4, 12
1:6, 113
1:20–23, 186
1:26–27, 170
1:26–32, 186
2:9–10, 127
2:9–12, 192
2:12–16, 187
2:16, 4, 111
2:25–29, 180
3:9–10, 192
3:21–24, 109
3:22, 256
3:26, 256
4:1–8, 109
4:24–25, 114