Deripaska, Oleg, 226
Gutseriev, Russneft and, 124, 227
investment abroad, 204
Putin and, 124, 226
Rusal and, 181, 226
Deutsche-Russische Naptha Company, 28
Dienes, Leslie, 182
Dresdner Bank, 158–59, 229
drilling technology, 10–11
assistance with, 22, 26, 31, 79–80, 84, 91, 129, 174
planning, production, innovation and, 39–42
Dudley, Robert, 91, 226
Dutch Disease, 12–14, 190
Dutch East Indies, 21
EADS (Airbus parent company), 203
earth warming, 184, 207
Eastern Oil Company, 111
economic challenges, 202
economic crimes, 67, 101, 105
economic imperialism, 172–76
economy. See also balance of trade, Soviet; financial crash, of 1998; incentive systems; privatization; recovery
energy resources and, 11–15, 32, 48–49, 88–89
USSR collapse and, 49–54, 55–57
efficiency, problems with, 21, 39, 40
electricity
British, 168
disruptions in, 150
gas for, 182
nuclear energy for, 181
Embaneft, 27
Emba, oil fields at, 22, 27
embargoes
on Georgian imports, 150
oil, 25–26, 32, 44, 47, 82, 137
price cutting, OPEC and, 46–47, 82
energy reserves. See also specific countries
Grace on, 87, 183, 216n48, 217n51
size of, 90–92
as state secret, 87
energy resources
alternative, 89, 180–81
conservation of, 78–79
development of, 10–11, 21, 22, 24, 71, 181–84, 188
economy and, 11–15, 32, 48–49, 88–89
exploration/discovery of, 18, 34, 38, 79, 90, 127–29
increased demand for, 77–79, 89–90
politics and, 3, 7, 11, 13, 14, 48–49, 84–85, 138, 163–64, 169
energy security, 3, 7
energy superpower, Russia as, 3, 7, 10, 14–16, 17–32, 97–98
early years, 17–18
energy price collapse impact on, 204
unrestrained, 170–209
Eni (Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi), 229
Gazprom and, 167
Mattei and, 45–46, 227
petroleum and, 136
pipelines and, 149, 156
Enron, 116, 147
environmental regulations, 113, 157. See also pollution
E.ON (German gas company), 229
Gazprom, Gerosgaz and, 222n87
Ruhrgas, Gazprom and, 167–68, 229, 230
E Petroleum Handesges oil company, 108
Epsilon Corporate Finance, 203
Estonia, 153, 159, 166
ethanol, 89, 181
Eural Trans Gas, 146–47, 226
Europe. See also Western Europe, gas supply to; specific countries
map of primary Russian gas pipelines to, 8f
reliance on Russian gas, 166t, 167–69
European Commission, 205
Evans, Donald, 176
exports. See also petroleum exports
duties, and transit fees on gas, 151, 159
Russian imports and, 92t
timber, 29
Exxon-Mobil
competition with, 97
Gazprom v., 142
Raymond and, 228
in Sakhalin, 72, 128–29, 131, 135
Yukos and, 86, 112–13, 115, 123
“faces in the snow” incident, 102
Fahd, King (of Saudi Arabia), 51
FBI, investigations by, 147–48
Federal Narcotics Control Service (FNCS), 200, 226
Federov, Boris, 140–41, 226
Feniks, 108
filling stations, 31, 126, 200
Derop, 28
Getty Oil, 3, 87, 125, 169, 204, 230
in United Kingdom, 45
financial crash, of 1998, 14, 60, 73–77, 93–94, 108, 227, 228
banks and, 74–77, 93, 170
GDP and, 74, 76, 107
stocks and, 73–77, 81, 94
Finansgroup Investment Fund, 228
Finland
crude oil from, 45
gas to, 2, 166, 168
petroleum to, 49
Firtash, Dmytro, 146–47, 226
flaring, natural gas, 42–43, 131–33, 184, 186
FNCS. See Federal Narcotics Control Service
FNK (Finansovaia Neftyanaia Kompaniia—Financial Oil Company), 65
FOP (Friends of Putin), 96, 139, 192, 200
double dipping by, 194–98
foreigners. See also specific companies/individuals
attitude towards, 70–71, 83, 127
car manufacturers, 202
concessions for, 26–27, 39, 174
help from, 31–32, 34
investments by, 87–88, 98
opening for, 83–85
return of, 26–29
Foreign Trade Organization (FTO), 68
France
nuclear energy and, 137, 181
pipelines and, 153
reliance on Russian gas, 166–67, 168
Fridman, Mikhail, 226
Alfa Bank and, 64, 66, 226
TNK and, 64, 66–67, 226, 230
Front Uni, 25–26
FSB, 195
Patrushev as head of, 196, 200, 228
Putin as head of, 93
Stepashin as head of, 228
struggles within, 200
FTO. See Foreign Trade Organization
Fursin, Ivan, 147, 226
Gaddy, Clifford, 98–99
Gaidar, Yegor, 50, 52, 53, 226
gas. See natural gas
Gas Exporting Countries’ Forum. See GECF
Gasunie (Dutch pipeline company), 167, 229
Gates, Bill, 59, 115
Gaz (auto plant), 204
Gaz de France, 167
Gazexport, 143
Gazoviki, 132, 184
Gazprom, 2
asset stripping and, 104, 139–41, 143
BP, Trinidad-Tabago facility and, 131–32, 179
Chernomyrdin and, 48, 59–61, 100–101, 104–5, 140, 226
ENI and, 167
E.ON, Gerosgaz and, 222n87
E.ON, Ruhrgas and, 167–68, 229, 230
Exxon-Mobil v., 142
Federov and, 140–41, 226
foreign investments, 205–6, 224n55
gas flow control by, 1–3, 7–9
government ownership of, 2–3
Hermitage Capital Management Fund and, 226
as “holy of holies,” 142–44
ITERA and, 61, 104–5, 141–42, 146–48, 183
Kovykta, TNK-BP and, 131–32, 162, 185, 229
Medvedev, A., and, 3, 143, 163, 169, 227
Medvedev, D., and, 104, 140, 141, 143, 202, 227
Miller and, 104, 140–42, 143, 146, 169, 190–91, 200, 227
Nord Stream and, 157–59, 167, 230
overcommitment and, 181–84
ownership of, 83
as partner, 202–3
Putin and, 83, 100–101, 104–5, 139–44, 190–91
reclaiming, 104–5
Rosneft and, 83, 173, 184, 186, 190–91
Ruhrgas and, 83, 168, 230
in Sakhalin, 129–33
Sibneft and, 123, 184, 186, 230
skyscraper built by, 198
as state unto itself, 185–87
tour/visit to, 1–2
Ukraine, Turkmenistan and, 146–48, 226
Vyakhirev and, 48–49, 60–61, 100–101, 104–5, 140–41, 146, 226, 229
Wintershall and, 157, 167, 230
Yukos and, 120–21
Gazprombank, 142
GazpromExport, 145
Gazprom Konsern, 100
Gazprom natural gas pipelines, 1–4, 7–10, 83, 132, 183–84. See also Blue Stream; Nord Stream; SEGP; South Stream
Baltic Sea bypass and, 156–59
construction cost of, 197