expansion abroad, 152, 153t, 154
Grace on, 132
pipelines in Asia and, 162–63
seeking way around, 149–52
Gazpromneft (formerly Sibneft), 121, 123, 186
GDP (gross domestic product)
China’s, 78, 90
financial crash and, 74, 76, 107
oil production and, 80t
recovery of economy and, 96–97
Russian v. U.S., 56
GECF (Gas Exporting Countries’ Forum),
165, 179, 206, 229
General Electric, 48, 137, 142
General Motors, 202, 204
Georgia
gas supplies to, 49, 168
import embargo, 150
pipelines and, 149–51, 152–54, 161–62
Tbilisi, 20, 149, 154, 161
Gerashchenko, Viktor, 226
purge and, 100, 104–5
Russian Central Bank and, 100, 104–5, 226
Gergiev, Valery, 93
Germany
Derop filling stations in, 28
exports to Nazi, 28–29, 30, 31
gas to, 2, 47, 82, 136–37, 153, 157–60, 166–68
nuclear energy and, 158
Russian kerosene consumption v., 21
Gerosgaz, 222n87
Getty Oil filling stations, 3, 87, 125, 169, 204, 230
Ghana, 44
Goldman Sachs, 75–76
Gololobov, Dmitry, 116, 118
Gonzales, Alberto, 222n9
Gorbachev, Mikhail
1985 perestroika campaign, 52
financial crash and, 93
on reform, 60, 106
Thatcher and, 209
Gorin, Sergei and Olga, 108
Gosbank, 105
Gosplan, 38, 57–58
government securities, 75–76
Grace, John, 39, 71, 197
on energy reserves, 87, 182, 216n48, 217n51
on Gazprom pipeline, 132
grain, 24, 29, 52
Great Britain
electricity, 168
gas to, 167, 168–69
oil exports to, 20
takeover and denationalization of Baku, 25, 27
Greece
gas supply to, 153
pipeline between Bulgaria and, 161–62
Gref, German, 96, 182, 192
Grozneft, 27
Grozny oil fields, 22, 27, 33
Guantanamo, 171
Guinea, 44
Gulf Oil (Chevron), 44
Gunvor (petroleum-selling company), 229
Gupta, Raj Kumar, 110
Gurov, W., 28
Gusinsky, Vladimir, 226
Media-Most and, 102, 103, 226
politics and, 102–4
purge and, 100, 102–4, 105
Gutseriev, Mikhael, 124, 200, 227
Gyurcsany, Ferenc, 155–56, 227
Halliburton, 70, 79
Harvard Management Company, 125
Hayward, Tony, 127, 227
Hermitage Capital Management Fund, 143, 226
Highrock Holding, 147–48
Hitler, Adolf, 33
How Russia Became a Market Economy (Aslund), 73
Hungary
gas pipelines and, 153–56, 168, 227
Gyurcsany and, 155–56, 227
NABUCCO, Austria and, 9–10, 155–56
reliance on Russian gas, 166
IMF. See International Monetary Fund
imperialism, economic, 172–76
imports
embargo on Georgian, 150
exports, currency value and, 12, 14
Russia as oil importer, 39, 49, 53
Russian exports and, 92t
Russian, to U.S., 3–4, 7
incentive systems, 30, 39–43
income, per capita, Russia v. Portugal’s, 96
India, 25, 44
increased demand/consumption in, 78, 90, 173, 180
PSAs with, 72
industrial production, recovery and, 95t, 96–97, 171
inflation, 13, 56, 57, 58, 66, 74, 79
Inkombank, 107
International Energy Agency, 89, 132
International Energy Authority, 79
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 75–76, 207–8
INTERROS, 68–69
Iran, 13, 46, 186
gas reserves of, 139
GECF and, 179
OGEC and, 164, 165
Iraq, 46
LUKoil in, 126
U.S. and, 52, 71, 199, 207, 208–9
Isaikin, Anatoly, 193
Israel, 49
Italy
gas to, 153, 166–67, 168
oil imports, 28
ITERA, 229
Gazprom and, 61, 104–5, 141–42, 146–48, 183
Makarov and, 104, 146, 147, 177, 227
U.S. grant to/raid of, 177, 222n9
Weldon’s daughter and, 177, 229
Ivanov, Sergei, 192, 193, 196
Ivanov, Viktor, 192, 193
Ivan, story about, 67
Ivan the Terrible, 17
Izvestia, 202
Jamestown Foundation, 102
Japan, 12
conservation in, 79
pipelines in, 162, 163
PSAs with, 72
in Sakhalin, 26, 72, 128–30, 185
Jetts gas stations, 126
John Brown Engineering, 48, 138
Johnson, Alan, 169
Johnson, Simon, 56
Karaganov, Sergei, 163–64, 187
Kaufman, Daniel, 56
Kazakhstan
Cheney, gas pipeline and, 149, 154
pipelines and, 7, 149–50, 153–54, 160–61, 163, 181, 186
Kazmunai, 163
kerosene, 17–19, 21
Kharyaga oil field, 71, 132–33, 135, 229
KhimProm, 193
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 227
Lebedev and, 116, 120, 227
Menatep and, 64, 76, 106–9, 227, 230
in Nefteyugansk, 65
Nevzlin and, 228
Petukhov and, 65, 108–9
politics and, 103
purge and, 100, 103, 105–20, 123
Yukos and, 64, 65, 72, 76, 79, 86, 100, 105–20, 123, 135, 227, 230
Khrushchev, Nikita, 41, 142
King, William, 99
Kiriyenko, Sergei, 94, 109, 227
“kiting their checks,” 74
Koch, Roland, 205
Kogalym oil field, 61
Kohl, Helmut, 52, 136, 227
Kolesov, Sergei, 108
Korneyeva, Valentina, 108
Korzhakov, Alexander, 65, 102, 227
Kosachev, Konstantin, 208, 227
Kosciusko-Morizet, Jacques, 111
Kostina, Olga, 108
Kovykta, 131–32, 135, 162, 174, 185, 229
krisha (roof ), 113
Kryshtanovskaia, Olga, 192
Kudrin, Alexei, 96, 192, 201, 227
Kumarin, Vladimir, 200
Kursk nuclear submarine, 103
Kuryer (cooperative), 66
Kuwait, 46
land claims, Russian, 207
Langepaz oil field, 61
Latvia, 49, 153, 159, 166, 168
Layard, Richard, 73, 81
Lebedev, Platon, 115, 116, 117, 120, 227
Lend Lease contracts, 27, 33
Lenin, Nikolai, 12, 174
Lenz, petroleum reserve data and, 87
Libya, 13
Lietuvos Dujos, 168
life expectancy, 198
Lithuania, 49, 153, 159, 166, 168
Litvinenko, Alexander, 208, 227
LNG (liquified natural gas)
spot market for, 139, 165, 179, 181
tankers for, 47–48, 82, 138
to U.S., 4, 7, 132, 179, 206
Loans for Shares, 64–65, 76, 106, 146
Potanin and, 63–65, 68
Rosneft and, 62, 64–65, 121–22
Long Term Capital Management (LTCM), 76–77
Loze, Bernard, 110–11
LTCM. See Long Term Capital Management
Lugar, Richard, 164
Lugovoi, Andrei, 208, 227
Lukashenko, Alexsander, 151, 227
LUKoil, 230
Alekperov and, 61, 65, 85, 125, 197, 225, 230
ConocoPhillips and, 126
Getty Oil filling stations purchased by, 3, 87, 125, 169, 204, 230
in Iraq, 126
in Komi Republic, 128, 219n70
Mobil and, 3, 125
stock, 85, 216n34