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  U.S. v. Russian, 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t

Okulov, Valery, 103

oligarchs. See also banks; siloviki; specific individuals

  politics and, 102–4

  privatization and, 58–59, 64, 69

  Putin and, 99, 100–116, 117t-119t, 171, 194–98, 200–201

OMV (Austrian utility company), 154, 156, 230

OneksimBank, 65, 68, 230

ONGC Videsh, 72

OPEC. See Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Orenberg gas processing plant, 60

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

  GECF v., 179

  OGEC v., 164–65

  price cutting and, 46–47, 82, 165

  Saudi Arabia and, 46, 88–89

Orsk refinery, 59

ORT (TV network), 65, 103, 123, 225

Ossetia, 149–50

Pakistan, 44

Palashkovsky, S. S., 20

Paris Club, 81

Parker, John, 73, 91

Parsees, 17

Patrushev, Nikolai, 196, 200, 228

Persian Gulf, 82, 137, 157

Persians, 17–18, 19, 25, 28

Peter the Great, 17–18

petroleum. See also oil fields; oil pipelines; oil prices; oil production; wells; specific companies/countries

  auction system for selling, 18

  availability of Russian, 188, 189t

  breakup/privatization of industry, 61, 62f-63f, 83–85

  byproduct gas of, 183–84, 186

  companies, expansion abroad, 173–74, 175t

  decline in production, 56, 71–72

  as diplomatic weapon, 43–49

  extraction with rags and buckets, 18

  franchising system for selling, 18

  lower standard of living and per capita consumption of, 21

  market for gas v., 164–65

  reserve data companies, 87

  Russia v. U.S. production, 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t, 46

  Saudi Arabian production, 11, 13, 35t-37t, 79, 91

  Soviet balance of trade and, 29–31

  stagnation, 22–24

petroleum exports. See also specific countries

  politics and, 28–29, 31–32

  post-1998 recovery and, 73–92

  Sutton on, 29, 213n51

Petukhov, Vladimir, 65, 108–9, 228

Philbro Energy Products, 84

Phillips Electronics, 93

Pichugin, Alexei, 108, 115, 117

pipelines. See natural gas pipelines; oil pipelines; specific countries/pipelines

planning, production and innovation, 39–43

Poland, 153, 156, 159, 162, 166

Polar Lights, 84

politicians, for sale, 176–78

politics

  economic blockades against China and Cuba, 221n77

  energy resources and, 3, 7, 11, 13, 14, 48–49, 84–85, 138, 163–64, 169

  oil exports and, 28–29, 31–32

  oligarchs and, 102–4

  social problems and, 199

pollution, 128, 131, 159, 185, 219n70

Polo, Marco, 17

population, shrinking, 198–99

Portugal, 28, 96, 153

Potanin, Vladimir

  banks and, 68–69

  Loans for Shares and, 63–65, 68

  Norilsk Nickel and, 64–65, 68–69, 182, 230

  OneksimBank and, 65, 68, 230

  Sidanko and, 65, 68, 69–70

poverty, 96, 199

Prana, 122

price cutting, 20, 23, 32

  OPEC and, 46–47, 82, 165

  overabundance/limiting oil production and, 44

  Seven Sisters and, 45–46

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), 122–23

Primakov, Evgeny, 94, 228

princelings, 196t, 197

privatization

  chaos and, 57–59

  fight over spoils and, 188, 190–91

  gas and, 59–61

  incentives and, 53

  oil prices and, 56, 69, 72

  oligarchs and, 58–59, 64, 69

  petroleum industry breakup and, 61, 62f-63f, 83–85

  in post-Soviet era, 55–72

  renationalization v., 133, 173–74, 176, 184

  taxes and, 56–57, 61, 64, 84–85

  vouchers and, 58, 60, 106, 107

production. See also oil production

  industrial, recovery and, 95t, 96–97, 171

  planning, innovation and, 39–43

  plan targets and, 30–31, 53

Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs), 71–72, 86

  Sakhalin and, 71–72, 129–33, 174

  taxes and, 174

  Turkmenistan and, 148

productivity, 4, 196

profit and loss, 30, 45

Protek, 200

PSAs. See Production Sharing Agreements

purges, 99, 100–120, 226. See also specific companies/individuals

Putin, Vladimir. See also FOP

  at Balkan Energy Cooperative Summit, 49

  Berezovsky and, 100–104, 105, 123, 172, 225

  Bush and, 208–9

  Chechnia and, 94–95, 102, 172

  Deripaska and, 124, 226

  dissertation by, 97–99

  foreign firms and, 85–87

  Gazprom and, 83, 100–101, 104–5, 139–44, 190–91

  Kudrin and, 192, 201, 227

  “national champions” and, 15, 98–99, 100t, 101, 104, 105, 124–26, 128, 141, 172–73

  on NATO, 208

  oligarchs and, 99, 100–116, 117t-119t, 171, 194–98, 200–201

  politics and, 102–4

  as president, 15, 99–101, 139

  as prime minister, 93–96, 103, 170, 172, 201

  purges, 99, 100–120, 226

  on Russia’s reliability, 164

  Schroeder on, 172

  Sobchak and, 97, 139, 192, 228

  state of the nation speech, 2006, 142

  three envelopes, Yeltsin and, 194

  Timchenko, Gunvor and, 229

  as Time “Man of the Year,” 171

  TNK-BP and, 70, 126–27

  too many foreigners, 87

  TV networks and, 102

  Warnig and, 158–59, 229

  on World Trade Organization and IMF, 207–8

PWC. See PricewaterhouseCoopers

Qatar

  gas reserves of, 139

  GECF and, 179

  OGEC and, 164, 165

QM Group, 69

racial tensions, 23

Raiffeisen Bank, 147

Raiffeisen Investment AG, 147

RAO Gazprom, 100

Rapallo Pact, of 1922, 159

Raymond, Lee, 112–13, 228

Reagan, Ronald, 48–51, 82, 137–38, 226

Rebgun, Eduard K., 122

recessions, 75, 77, 180

recovery

  of economy, 14–16, 95t, 96–97, 170–71, 203

  post-1998, petroleum export and, 73–92

refinery construction, 26, 27

reform

  Gorbachev on, 60, 106

  transparency and, 110–11

renationalization, 15, 134t, 135

  privatization v., 133, 173–74, 176, 184

  of Sibneft, 15, 104, 123–24, 134

  of Yukos, 15, 105, 123, 174

Renova, 229, 230

Revolutions

  1905 Russian, 23

  1917 Bolshevik, 23, 24–26, 174

RN-Razvitiye, 122

Rockefeller, John D., 19–20, 228

Roketsky, Leonid, 70, 228

Romania, 34, 154

Romashkino, 31, 34, 230

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 76

ROP. See Russian Oil Products

Rosneft

  Bogdanchikov and, 114–15, 190–91, 200, 225

  breakup and reconsolidation of petroleum industry and, 61, 62f-63f

  Conoco and, 84

  Gazprom and, 83, 173, 184, 186, 190–91