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  Loans for Shares and, 62, 64–65, 121–22

  at Sakhalin, 72

  Sechin and, 191, 195, 228

  as state-owned, 3, 15

  Vavilov, Northern Oil and, 114, 229

  Yukos and, 79, 106, 120–23, 124, 127, 176, 190–91, 217n15, 225, 230

Rosneftegaz (Russian Oil and Gas), 61

Rosoboronexport, 124, 134

Rostekhnology, 193

RosUkrEnergo (RUE), 145–48, 226

Rothschild brothers, 20, 23, 228

Royal Dutch Shell, 28, 44, 71. See also Shell

RUE. See RosUkrEnergo

Ruhrgas (German natural gas company), 83, 167–68, 229, 230

Rusal (aluminum company), 123, 182, 226

Rusia Petroleum, 131

Russia. See also USSR

  companies as partners, 202–4

  as energy superpower, 3, 7, 10, 14–16, 17–32, 97–98, 170–209

  investments abroad, 87–88, 169, 204–6, 224n55

  investments in U.S., 87–88, 169, 206

  as largest gas producer, 180

  as largest petroleum producer, 4t-6t, 11, 15–16, 24, 50, 79, 89, 180

  new assertive, 206–9

  as oil exporter, 20–21

  as oil importer, 39, 49, 53

  overcommitment by, 181–84, 187

  U.S. investments in, 87–88

  U.S. petroleum production v., 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t

  as victim of Dutch disease, 12–14

Russian Central Bank, 91, 100, 104–5, 187, 203, 226

Russian Credit Bank, 107

Russian Disease, 12, 190–91

Russian Oil Products (ROP), 28

Russneft, 124, 200, 227

RWE, 156

Rybin, Yevgeny, 108

Saakashvili, Mikhail, 150–51, 228

Sakhalin, 128–33, 162

  Gazprom in, 129–33

  Japanese in, 26, 72, 128–30, 185

  PSAs and, 71–72, 129–33, 174

Sakhalin I, 72, 128, 131

Sakhalin II, 71–72, 129, 130, 135, 163, 185

Sakhalinmorneftegaz, 72

Sale & Company, 28

Samaraneftegaz, 121

Samotlor (oil-producing site), 38, 69, 230

Sarkozy, Nicolas, 173

Saudi Arabia

  ARAMCO Consortium and, 21

  OPEC and, 46, 88–89

  petroleum production and, 11, 13, 35t-37t, 78, 79, 91

  reserves of, 139, 180

  Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 50–54

SBS/AGRO bank, 65, 68, 228

Scaroni, Paolo, 89

Schlumberger, 26, 79

Schroeder, Gerhard, 228

  gas and, 82, 136, 157–59

  Nord Stream and, 157–59, 176–77, 228

  on Putin, 172

Schweizer, Peter, 50–51

Sechin, Igor, 191, 192, 193, 195, 200, 228

SEGP (Turkey-Western Europe pipeline), 155–56, 230

Semenov, A. G., 18

Seven Sisters, 44–46, 136

Severstal, 203, 224n55

shabashniki (private work crews), 67

Shafranik, Yury, 114

Shah Deniz field, 154

Shell

  arrangements with, 31

  during Bolshevik Revolution, 25, 26

  competition with, 97

  General Motors and, 202

  Rothschild brothers and, 23

  in Sakhalin, 128–32, 135, 163, 174, 185

Shiobara, T., 197

Shleifer, Andrei, 56

shock therapy, 107, 226

Shtokman field, 83, 130–31

Shuvalov, Igor, 49, 163, 193, 228

Shvartsman, Oleg, 228

Sibneft, 230

  Abramovich and, 104, 112, 123–24, 225, 230

  Berezovsky and, 65, 68, 103, 104, 112, 123, 174, 228, 230

  Gazprom and, 123, 184, 186, 230

  renationalization of, 15, 104, 123–24, 134

  Smolensky, Berezovsky and, 65, 68, 228

Sibneftegaz, 142

Sidanko, 65, 68, 69–70, 86

siloviki, 113. See also specific individuals

  in business, 192, 193t, 194

  children of, 196t, 197

  renationalization and control by, 134t

  Stabilization Fund, Storchak and, 200–201, 228

Slavneft, 124

Smolensky, Alexander, 65, 67–68, 228

Sobchak, Anatoly, 97, 139, 192, 228

Sochi Winter Olympics, 182

social problems, 198–202

Societa Minerere Italo Belge di Georgia, 26

SODECO, 72

Soiuznefteeexport (Soviet Foreign Trade Organization), 45–46, 68

Solomon Brothers, 84

Soublin, Michel, 111

Southeast Asia

  recession in, 75, 77

  recovery in, 96

South European Gas Pipeline. See SEGP

South Korea, 12, 162, 163

South Stream (natural gas pipeline), 10, 156, 230

sovereign investment funds, 204–5

Soviet Union. See USSR

Spain, 28

Stabilization Fund

  monies in, 187

  Storchak, siloviki and, 200–201, 228

Stalin, Joseph, 23, 30

Standard Oil

  arrangements with, 28, 31

  breakup of, 44

  of California (today’s Chevron), 44

  concessions and, 25–26

  of New Jersey, 25, 44

  of New York, 26, 28

  Nobel brothers and, 25

  Rockefeller and, 19–20, 228

The State Within a State (Albats), 195

steel, 40–41, 203, 224n55

Stepashin, Sergei, 94, 228

Stern, Jonathan, 183

Stillwater Mining, 69, 204, 224n55

stocks, 73–77, 81, 94. See also Loans for Shares

Stolichney (Capital) Bank, 67–68

Storchak, Sergei, 200–201, 203, 228

St. Petersburg Fuel Company, 200

“Strategic Planning and Policy” (King/Cleland), 99

“The Strategic Planning of the Reproduction of the Resource Bases” (Putin), 97–99

Strauss-Kahn, Dominique, 208

strikes, 23

SUAL (aluminum company), 225, 229, 230

Suez Canal, 82, 157

supply and demand, 88–90, 164–65, 180, 182–83, 187–88

Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKH), 27

Surgutneftegaz, 61, 65, 124–25, 174, 197, 225

Sutton, Anthony, 27, 29, 213n51

Svartsman, Oleg S., 195

SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service), 195

Sweden, 28, 159–60

Switzerland, 12, 168

Taiwan, 12

tankers, for LNG, 47–48, 82, 138

tariffs

  barriers, manufacturing and, 202

  on imports of American kerosene, 19

Tatar ASSR (Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), 34

taxes. See also specific companies

  flat income, 79, 96, 151

  privatization and, 56–57, 61, 64, 84–85

  PSAs and, 174

Tbilisi, Georgia, 20, 149, 154, 161

terrorism, 82, 94

Terzian, Pierre, 184

Texas Company (Texaco, Chevron), 44

Thailand, 75

Thatcher, Margaret, 48, 138, 209

Theede, Steven, 110, 117, 229

Timan Pechora fields, 84

timber exports, 29

Timchenko, Gennady, 229

TNK. See Tyumen Oil

TNK-BP (BP/Tyumen Oil joint venture), 230

  Dudley and, 91, 226

  formation of, 64, 70–71, 86–87

  Gazprom, Kovykta and, 131–32, 162, 185, 229

  Putin and, 70, 126–27

  Renova and, 230

  Yukos and, 122

Togliatti, 202

Togobank, 93

Tolf, Robert, 25

Tomskneft, 121

Tosovsky, Josef, 208

Total (French company)

  Kharyaga oil field and, 71, 132–33, 135, 229

  Shtokman and, 130–31

trade surplus, 80, 91, 92t

Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline, 161

Trans-Caucasian petroleum pipeline, 161