The temperature dropped and we put on our jackets and wrapped up in our blankets. Everyone except, you guessed it . . . We all began to search. “What does it look like,” we asked.
“A quilted Levi jacket,” he answered.
“Maybe you dropped it on the trail when we were moving,” someone suggested.
“No, I left it right here on this rock by the fire,” he assured us.
“Maybe this is it,” replied my son, as he fished five metal Levi buttons out of the ashes of the fire. The guy was devastated.
The next morning we woke up to three inches of unexpected snow.
Mature cattail seed heads offer profuse amounts of fluff that can be easily collected in quantity and used for insulation. (Photo: Richard Jamison)
Notes and References
Our Human Family
Notes:
1
Charles P. Mountford, Brown Men and Red Sand, (Melbourne: Robertson and Mullens, 1948).
2
Brian M. Fagan, The Journey from Eden: The Peopling of Our World, (London: Thames and Hudson, Ltd., 1990): 9.
3
Jared Diamond, “The Great Leap Forward,” Discover (May 1989): 57.
4
Epic of Man, Courtlandt Canby, ed., (New York: Time Incorporated, Book Div., 1961): 39-40.
5
Jared Diamond: 57.
6
Brian Fagan: 23-41.
7
Sharon Begley with Fiona Gliezes, “My Grandad Neanderthal?” Newsweek, (16 October 1989): 70-71.
8
Epic of Man: 18-23.
9
Robert Redfield, “The Folk Society,” American Journal of Sociology, 52 (January 1947): 299.
10
“The Search for Our Ancestors,” Kenneth Weaver, ed., National Geographic (November 1985): 614.
The Ultimate Weapon
Notes:
1
Gilbert Blue (Catawba), personal communication, 1979; Bill Brescia (Choctaw), personal communication, 1985; Richard Crowe (Cherokee), personal communication, 1980.
2
Tom Underwood, personal communication, 1988.
3
Claude Medford, interview with author, 1988.
4
Hayes Lossiah (Cherokee), personal communication, 1980.
5
Medford, 1988.
6
Blue, 1979.
7
Bonnie Wyatt, personal communication, 1989.
8
Roger McDaniel, personal communication, 1988.
9
Underwood, 1988.
10
Richard Crowe, personal communication, 1985.
References:
Bossu, Jean Bernard. Nouveaux Voyages Aux Indes Occidentales. Paris, 176.8. Kroeber, A.L. Anthropology. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1948.
Nash, Charles H. “Choctaw Blowguns.” Ten Years of Tennessee Archaeologist, 1954-1963. Vol. II. 1963.
Romans, Bernard “ A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida.” New York Vol I. (1775).
Speck, Frank G. “The Creek Indians of Taskigi Town,” Mem. American Anthropological Association. 2:1 (1907).
“Ethnology of the Yuchi Indians,” Anthropological Publications of the University Museum: University of Pennsylvania. 1:1 (1909).
“The Cane Blowgun In Catawba and Southeastern Ethnology,” American Anthropologist. 40 (1938).
Swanton, John R. “The Indians of the Southeastern United States.” Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin 137. 1946.
Timberlake, Lieut. Henry. The Memoirs of Lieut. Henry Timberlake (who accompanied the three Cherokee Indians to England in the year 1762) containing . . . an accurate map of their Over-hill Settlement. London, 1765.
Primitive Process Pottery
Brian, Wayne. Primitive Pottery Processes: Workshop Guide for Students. Mesa: Wayne Brian, 1990.
Fewkes, Jesse Walter. Archaeological Expedition to Arizona. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1897.
Harlow, Francis H. Historic Pueblo Indian Pottery. Museum of New Mexico Press, 1970.
Hartt, Fred. Notes on the Manufacture of Pottery. Rio De Janeiro: Office of South American Mail, 1875.
Lambert, David. The Field Guide to Geology. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1988.
Lambert, Marjorie F. Pueblo Indian Pottery. Museum of New Mexico Press, 1970.
Read, H.H., and Janet Watson. Beginning Geology. New York: The Macmillan and Company, Ltd., 1966.
Societe d’Exploitation. Ancient American Pottery. Paris: Les Editions Du Chene, 1950.
Stacey, Joseph, ed. Southwestern Pottery Today; Special Edition. Arizona Highways, Vol. 50:5 (May 1974).
Stiles, Helen E. Pottery of the American Indians. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1939.
Stone Survival Tools
Fisher, Donald B. “Stone Tools for Survival.” Dirt Times (Summer 1989). Hellweg, Paul. Flintknapping: The Art of Making Stone Tools. Canoga Park: Canyon Publishing Co., 1984.
Hellweg, Paul. “Grinding Arrowheads.” Flintknapping Digest (October 1984).
Yucca
Harrington, H. D. Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1970.
Rose, J. N. Notes on Useful Plants of Mexico. U.S. National Museum, Contribution to United States National Herbarium 5 (1899): 209-259.
Saunders, C. F. “The Yucca and the Indian.” The American Botanist 17 (February 1911): 1-3.
Stanley, Paul C. “Some Useful Plants of New Mexico.” Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institute. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.: 1912: 447-462.
Tanner, Clara Lee. Prehistoric Southwestern Craft Arts. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976.
Tate, Joyce L. Cactus Cook Book. Arcadia, California: Cactus and Succulent Society of America, Inc., 1978.
Wheat, Margaret M. Survival Arts of the Primitive Paiutes. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1967.
Traditional Basketry Materials
Adovasio, J. M. Prehistoric North American Basketry Carson City: Nevada State Museum Papers. Vol. 16:5 (1974).
—Basketry Technology: A guide to Identification and Analysis Chicago: Aldine. 1977.
Barrows, David P. Ethno-botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1900.
Bates, Craig. “Yosemite Miwok/Paiute Basketry: A Study in Cultural Change.” American Indian Basketry 2:4 (1982): 3-22.