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McPherson, John Making Meat II. Randolph: Kansas: McPherson, 1988: 21-22. (Available at P.O. Box 96, Randolph, KS 66394.

Olsen, Larry Dean Outdoor Survival Skills. 4th ed., Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1973: 78-79.

Steward, Julian H. “Ethnography Of The Owens Valley Paiute,” University of California Publications in American Archaeology & Ethnology, 33, (1933): 254.

Wheat, Margaret M. Survival Arts of the Primitive Paiutes. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1967: 72-73.

Index

A

Aboriginal lifestyle

Africa

Anasazi Indians

Animal tracking. See Tracking

Archery

Arrowheads

Ash Cooking

Atlatl

darts

manufacture

use

Axe, hand

B

Badger

Basketry

bark

decorative materials

juniper

leaves and grasses

materials

pine needle

roots

seed pods

shoots

vines

willow

wood splints

Blowgun, Southeastern

darts

history

manufacture

BYU Youth Leadership

480 Program

C

Catawba Indians

Cattails

Cherokee Indians

Choctaw Indians

Clay

collection

modeling

preparation

Cooking

ash

boiling

fires

grilling

pit

skewering

spit

stone oven

Cordage

Cro-Magnon

D

Deadfall. See Paiute deadfall

F

Finland

fishing

hunting

Fire Piston

discovery

manufacture

origins

use

Fishing

Flintknapping

ethics

Food

cooking. See Cooking

nutritional value of wild foods

nutritional value of wild game

yucca

H

Hertzian Cone

Hide Glue

care

manufacturing

Homo Sapiens

Hunter-gatherer

Hunting

I

Insulation

Ishi

J

Juniper-bark baskets.

See also basketry

aboriginal examples

manufacture

removing bark

tools

K

Kiddles

Knife, stone

L

Leadership

Lean-to. See Shelter

N

Native American culture and tradition

Neanderthals

Nettles

O

Oven. See Cooking, stone oven

P

Paiute deadfall

components

setting

troubleshooting

Paiute Indians

Pine needle baskets. See Basketry

Pit Cooking. See Cooking, pit

Possibles Bag

Pottery

clay

coil and scrape technique

color

decoration

designs

glossary

firing

form

history

modeling

painting

polishing

slips

tools

Ptarmigan, snaring

R

Raffia

Rivercane. See Blowgun, Southeastern

S

Sandals, Yucca

Search-and-Rescue. See Tracking, man

Shelter

Snow Cave

Spit Cooking

Steam Pit

Stone tools. See Tools

Stone Oven

Survival

T

Tachypyrion. See Fire Piston

Thistle

Tools

Tracking

animals

man

Tracking stick

Trail marking

Traps. See Paiute deadfall

W

Wickiups, see also shelter

Wild Foods

Willow Baskets. See also Basketry

finishing

harvesting willow

materials

shaping

splicing

spokes

tools

twining

weaving

Y

Yucca

bags

basketry

brushes

cordage

firestarter

food

identification

needle and thread

sandles

soap

uses

weaving

a

Ishiwas the last survivor of the northern California Yana culture. He is considered the last north American ‘wild’ Indian to wander into civilization from a Stone Age existence. His first contact was August 29, 1911-from that time until his death in December, 1914, his every movement was meticulously studied by anthropologists.

The peculiarities of Ishi’s shooting were, first, that he preferred to shoot from a crouching position. He held the bow diagonally across the front of the body, the face of the bow higher than the other limb and to the left. The string was drawn at cheek level.

Ishi’s method of arrow release was seemingly a Yana variant of the Mongolian or Asiatic release, which is one of the five common classes of arrow releases worldwide, but one not otherwise reported for native America. It has been speculated that this technique was brought from Asia when Ishi’s people migrated to this continent thousands of years ago.

The Mongolian release is used for shooting the composite bow with the aid of a thumb ring, since it is the flexed thumb which accomplishes the pull, the fingers being used only to guide and support the arrow. Ishi used no thumb guard or ring, and his bow was a simple, not a composite one. Ishi drew the bow with the flexed right thumb as in the classic Mongolian release. The Yana variation was in one finger position: the tip of the middle finger was placed lightly against the thumbnail to steady and strengthen its hold.