AAE 20: 1, 88. Hereafter, the Comte de Langeron's 'Journal de campagnes faites au service de Russie par comte de Langeron General en chef', and his other essays in the Quai d'Orsay, Archives des Affaires Etrangeres are referred to as an AAE volume number.
Duffy, Russia's Military Way p 135.
RGADA 268.890.291-4, Geroldmeysterskaya contora (Heraldic Office). Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin, p 25.
Quoted in R B. Bartenev, 'Biografi generalissimov i general-feld-marshalov Ros- siyskoy Imperatorskoy armii', Voenno-istorichesheskiy sbornik (1911) vol 4 p 14. Langeron, AAE 20: 14, Russian army and the Turkish army. Langeron, AAE 20: 14-15. Wiegel vol 1 p 80 (1864-6).
Masson 1859 p 149, quoted in Duffy, Russia's Military Way p 169.
RGADA 11.1.267.127 (reverse), GAP to P. A. Rumiantsev.
SeA, St Petersburg (1826) p 164, Rumiantsev to CII 14 November 1775, Moscow.
CHOIDR 1865 book 2, part 2 pp 2-3.
SeA (1826) pp 164-71, Rumiantsev to CII 14 November 1775, Moscow. Semevsky, GAPT p 494.
Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries pp 394-5.
Ligne, Letters (Stael) vol 2 p 8, Prince de Ligne to Comte de Segur 1 August 1788, and vol 2 pp 10, 11, 12-13, September 1788. GAP on Turkish tactics from the Comte de Segur Memoirs i960 pp 268-9.
SeA (1826) pp 164-71, Rumiantsev to CII 14 November 1775, Moscow. RGADA 1.43.11.1-1, GAP to CII 21 August 1770. Semevsky, GAPT p 494.
SeA (1826) pp 164-71, Rumiantsev to CII 14 November 1775, Moscow. RGADA 268.890.291-4. Geroldmeysterskaya contora (Heraldic Office). Kinross p 400.
Baron de Tott quoted in Kinross p 401.
Voltaire vol 58 p 96, CII to Voltaire 16/27 September 1770, St Petersburg. Voltaire vol 58 p 91, Voltaire to CII 14 September 1770, Ferney; p 102, Voltaire to CII 25 October 1770, Ferney.
CHOIDR (1865) book 2 pp 111-13, Rumiantsev to CtG 1771. KFZ January-April 1771.
Semevsky, GAPT p 496. RGADA 1.85.1.209, L 10, CII to GAP ud. Usually dated in February 1774, this may date from 1771/2, which might also fit. If so, it was now that Catherine came to visit Potemkin and waited outside his room for two hours, behaviour that might suggest that they were on the verge of beginning a relationship. It would be 'crazy' enough behaviour for an Orlov ally to warn her that these were dangerous antics for an empress.
Starina i Novizna (1879) vol 1 p 283, G. G. Orlov to P. A. Rumiantsev.
SeA (1826) pp 164-71, Rumiantsev to CII 14 November 1775, Moscow.
Samoilov col 1002. GAP's letters to Zaporogian Ataman 15 April and 25 May 1772 quoted from A. Skalkovsky, The History of the New Sech or the Last Zaporogian Kosh vol 3 pp 127-9.
AKV 32: 74. AKV 8: 1-38, S. R. Vorontsov to F. Rostopchin 18/29 October 1796.
Alexander, CtG pp 160-1. Madariaga, Russia pp 211-13.
Madariaga, Russia pp 213-14. Alexander, CtG pp 154-61. Voltaire vol 58 p 102, Voltaire to CII 25 October 1770, Ferney.
SIRIO 13: 258-61.
Madariaga, Russia p 259. Alexander, CtG p 165.
Ribbing to Swedish Chancellery President 13 July 1772. Svenska Riksarkivet (Sra) Collection Muscovitica 356 no 29, quoted in Ransel, Politics p 293.
GARF 728.425.1-5. CtG, Sochineniya vol 12 pp 697-9, Frank Confession, CtG to GAP, 21 February 1774. CtG, Memoirs 1955 pp 355-7.
RGADA 5.85.1.370, L 8, CII to GAP ud, February 1774. Again, the letter mentioned earlier on his first return from the army in 1771 would also fit for this visit in 1772.
Samoilov cols 1004-16.
Madariaga, Russia pp 258-9. Alexander, CtG pp 135-7.
CtG, Sochineniya vol 12 pp 697-9, CtG to GAP, Frank Confession.
SIRIO 13: 270-2. SIRIO 19: 325.
RGADA 5.85.1.370, L 8, CII to GAP ud, February 1774.
AKV 32: 165, S. R. Vorontsov to A. R. Vorontsov 9 February 1774.
AKV 32: 165, S. R. Vorontosov to A. R. Vorontsov 11 June 1773.
RS (1889) 9 pp 481-517, notes of Prince Yury Vladimirovich Dolgoruky. Dol- goruky's memoirs contain elements of fantasy. For attitudes to GAP in army see Lopatin's essay in Perepiska pp 500-502 and M. V. Muromtsev to A. I. Bibikov from Silistria in A. A. Bibikov, Zapiski о zhiznoi i sluzhbe Alexandra llicha Bibikova.
Voltaire vol 58 p 231, CII to Voltaire 19/30 June 1773.
SeA (1826) pp 164-71, Rumiantsev to CtG 14 November 1775, Moscow.
RGADA 5.85.1.119, L 7, CII to GAP 4 December 1773.
RS, notes of Dolgoruky. See note 53.
RS, notes of Dolgoruky. See note 53.
Quoted in J. T. Alexander, Autocratic Politics in a National Crisis: The Imperial Russian Government and Pugachev's Revolt p 85 as RGADA 6.527.32, Platon Liubasy to N. N. Bantysh-Kamenskiy 18 December 1773.
chapter 6: the happiest man alive
Samoilov col 1016.
CtG, Memoirs 1955 p 356, Frank Confession, CII to GAP.
Saint-Jean pp 1-10.
Michael B. Petrovich, 'Catherine II and a Fake Peter III in Montenegro' p 169. Also Madariaga, Russia p 210.
General information in this account of the Pugachev Rebellion is based, unless references are given, on A. S. Pushkin's Istoriya Pugacheva, his novella The Captain's Daughter and J. T. Alexander's two books on the subject - Emperor of the Cossacks:
Pugachev and the Frontier Jacquerie of 1773-75, and Autocratic Politics pp 1-10. Also Madariaga, Russia pp 239-55.
Pushkin, Captain's Daughter p 245.
Alexander, Autocratic Politics pp 175-6.
Ransel, Politics pp 241-50. SIRIO 19: 399-400.
Ransel, Politics pp 241-50. Alexander, CtG pp 166-7. Madariaga, Russia pp 261- 2. SIRIO 19: 325-7, Sir Thomas Gunning to Suffolk 27 September/8 October 1772, and SIRIO 19: 401, 4/25 February 1774.
Supposedly CtG to Madame Geoffrin. Much published since but the original letter is unknown.
Segur, Memoires 1827 vol 3 p 37, CtG to Segur 1785.
Quoted in Alexander, CtG p 173.
Alexander, CtG pp 166-7. Madariaga, Russia pp 260-1.
Robert B. Asprey, Frederick the Great: The Magnificent Enigma p 600.
Engelhardt 1868 pp 42-3. Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin p 27. Saint-Jean pp 1-12.