548 notes
that lasted into the nineteenth century. (Maybe, the settlement of Jews on Cossack land was a further contributing factor to their anti-semitism.) These Jews played a special role in building GAP's southern projects. Indeed Notkin specially suggested settling 'Jews on fertile steppes to breed sheep ... and founding factories' - a precursor of the Jewish collective farms founded in that area by the Bolsheviks in the 1920s and the idea during the Second World War to found a Jewish homeland in the Crimea. An example of GAP protecting the Jews was the false currency scandal in 1783 involving the Jews of Shklov. Finally, it seems from the archives on Baron Richard Sutherland, the British banker, that Potemkin supported Zeitlin over the Baron, quite a mark of favour in that famous Anglophile. Klier p 95; Greenberg pp 23/24; Derzhavin, Zapiski p 133. Feldman pp 186-92. Fishman pp 46-59 and 91-3. Page 80 for the delegation to Catherine. Page 57 for the memories of Zeitlin and GAP together by the former's great-grandson Shai Hurvitz quoted from Seger hayai (Book of My Life) by Shai Hurvitz, Hashiloah 40 (1922) p 3. ZOOID 12: 295 6 March 1784, Zeitlin appointed by GAP as manager of the monetary unit of the Kaffa mint. On Catherine's decree on zhids and evrei: PSZ: XXII. 16146. For relationship between GAP, Sutherland and Zeitlin, see GARF 9, RGVIA 52 and RGADA 11, especially RGADA 11.895.3-5, Sutherland to GAP 10 August 1783 and 13 September 1783. RGADA 11.895.7 Sutherland to GAP 2 March 1784. All unpublished. See also Chapter 29 note 43.
ZOOID 17: 163-88, P. A. Ivanov. The Management of Jewish immigration into New Russia region'. Also ZOOID 11: p 330, GAP to Count Osterman 25 March 1783. GAP approves of Jewish immigration to Kherson, possibly not from Poland and Belorussia but from the Mediterranean via the Due de Crillon's Corsicans and Italians. Engelhardt p 42.
Miranda p 219. 30 December 1786.
Fishman pp 46-59 and pp 91-3. For Zeitlin's retirement to Ustye p 58/9 and also Notes 37-41. Note 41: Fishman believes 'Zeitlin's role model in constructing his court may have been Potemkin.' Zeitlin, born in 1742, lived on in luxurious retirement until 1821. The active role of leader of the Jewish community fell to Notkin and Perets.
chapter 19: british blackamoors and chechen warning
AKV 16: 202-4, S. R. Vorontsov 11/22 August 1786, London. AKV 11: 177-9, S. R. Vorontsov to Count N. P. Panin 6/18 May 1801, Southampton. AKV 13: 101- 2, A. A. Bezborodko to S. R. Vorontsov 28 October 1785, St Petersburg.
BM 33540 ff 64-5, SB to JB 1784, Kremenchuk.
Bartlett pp 127-8, D. Gray to Sir Robert Ainslie 24 June 1784.
ZOOID 12: 324, GAP to V. V. Kahovsky.
M. S. Vorontsov's Family Archive, Orders of H. E. Prince GAPT regarding Tauris Region ud, July? 1785: pp 324-5 no 194, GAP to Kahovsky.
ZOOID 15 (1889): 607-8, GAP to Sinelnikov 1 July 1784.
ITUAK 8 (1889) P 10, GAP to Kahovsky 16 August 1787.
RGVIA 52.1.2.461.40, GAP to Kahovsky 25 May 1787.
ZOOID 11: part 2 pp 673-4, GAP to M. L. Faleev.
RGADA 16.788.1.149, GAP's printed address to nobility and inhabitants of Tav- richesky Region, containing appeal to cultivate agriculture and description of benefits from this.
RGVIA 52.1.2.496.44-5, GAP to Kahovsky 20 January 1787. M. S. Vorontsov's Family Archive, p 220 no 180, Orders of H. E. Prince GAPT regarding Foundation of Tavrichesky Region 1781-6, GAP to Kahovsky.
RGVIA 52.1.461.1.13, GAP to Professors V. Livanov and M. Prokopovich 5 January 1787. RGVIA 52.1.461.1.14 GAP to K. Hablitz same date. SIRIO 27 (1880): 357, CII to GAP on Professors Livanov and Prokopovich recently back from England 1 September 1785.
PRO FO Secretary of State: State Papers, Foreign, cyphers SP106/67, William Fawkener to Lord Grenville 18 June 1791, unpublished.
AKV 13: 59-60, Bezborodko to S. R. Vorontsov 20 August 1784. Sirin Bey, one of the local Crimean officials, got 27,000 desyatins, more than Bezborodko's 18,000. Popov received 57,876 desyatins (28,000 on the peninsula itself), while Bezborodko was so thrilled with his 'very nice country estate near Karasubazaar' that he boasted, in Petersburg, it would be royal in scale. (Potemkin set up 'an English farm' on it.) Druzhinina pp 119-20.
RGVIA 52.1.2.461.1.64.
Venetia Murray, High Society in the Regency Period pp 145-7.
RGADA 11.939.2, Lady Craven to GAP 5 April 1786, Sebastopol, unpublished. Cross, By the Banks of the Neva p 358.
Filosofskaya i politicheskaya perepiska Imperatritsky Ekateriny II s Doctorom Zimmermanom p 47, CII to Dr Zimmerman 10/21 January 1786. GAP's request for silk experts in Crimea. AAE 10: 206, Observations sur l'etat actuel de la Crimee, Comte de Segur to Comte de Vergennes, unpublished.
M. S. Vorontsov's Family Archive, Orders of H. E. Prince GAPT regarding Foundation of Tavrichesky Region Р313П0159, 3 December 1784.
ZOOID 15 (1889): 678-80. E. A. Zagorovsky, Potemkin's Economic Policy in New Russia (reprinted in KNDKO vol 2, 1926) p 6. Shterich and mining engineer Gayskop were ordered to seek bituminous cola in 1790 around Lugansk and North Donetz. A nobleman named Falkenberger was employed by Tauris Region for his specialist knowledge on mining. RGADA 16.689.1.50. See also RGADA 11.869.134, A. A. Viazemsky to GAP on mining prospects in Crimea and Caucasus 12 September 1783.
RGADA 16.799.1.35, GAP to CII.
AAE 10: 206, Observations sur l'etat actuel de la Crimee, Segur to Vergennes, unpublished.
Guthrie letter LXI p 195. In another example of his sponsoring new industries, GAP aided and established a Greek artisan named Pavel Asian in Taganrog in 1780 because he knew the secret of making a special form of brocade. SIRIO 27: 257- 8. Druzhinina, Severnoye prichernomorye p 84. Bruess, pp 130-1.
RGADA 16.799.1.35, L 210, GAP to CII. RGADA 5.85.1.498, L 203, GAP to CII ud.
RGADA 11.946.201, Joseph Banq to GAP 14 October 1781, Astrakhan. RGADA 11.946.207, Banq to GAP 16 April 1782, Astrakhan. RGADA 11.946.208, Banq to GAP 10 May 1783, Kherson. RGADA 11.946.203, Banq to GAP 31 October 1783, Soudak. RGADA 11.946.204, Banq to GAP 14 January 1784. RGADA 11.946.220, Banq to GAP, Karasubazaar 26 April 1785. RGADA 11.946.226, Banq to GAP 15 January 1787, Soudak. All unpublished.
ZOOID 9 (1875): p 254.
RGVIA 271.1.33.1, Banq to GAP 25 September 1783, Soudak, unpublished.
Tavricheskiy Gubernskiye Vedomosti 5. GAOO 150.1.23.10, GAP to Kahovsky re
Banq. RGADA 11.946.226, Banq to GAP 15 January 1787, Soudak. Banq's replacement was the Frenchman Jacob Fabre. unpublished.
AAE 10: 206, Observations sur l'etat actuel de la Crimee, Segur to Vergennes. Guthrie letter XL p 130.
ZOOID 4: 369, GAP to Faleev 13 October 1789, Akkerman (Belgrade-on- Dniester).
PSZ 20: 520-1, 24 April 1777.
PSZ 21: 784, 22 December 1782.
Bartlett p 120. RGADA 11.869.73, 5 August 1786 Viazemsky offers GAP 30,307 settlers (male and female) for Caucasus (or possibly Ekaterinoslav). P. S. Potemkin governed the region from 1 July 1783. Russkiy Biographicheskiy Slovar vol 14 (1904).
On Chechen religion: author's visit to Grozny, Chechnya 1994. Marie Bennigsen Broxup (ed) The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance towards the Moslem World: see 'Circassian Resistance to Russia' by Paul B. Henze p 75. Baddeley pp 40-50. Russkiy Biographicheskiy Slovar vol 14 on Count P. S. Potemkin. When GAP ordered Colonel Pieri to use the Astrakhan Regiment to eliminate Mansour, Pieri and 600 of his men were ambushed and slaughtered. See also Segur on the Chechens and the Caucasian war in his Memoires (1826) vol 2.