Anspach, Journey p 155, 9 March 1786, Kherson. Miranda p 247, 27 January 1787.
Author's visits to Crimea, St Petersburg and Dnepropetrovsk 1998. J. C. Loudon (ed), Encyclopaedia of Gardening p 52. RGADA 11.950.5.234, William Gould to GAP, unpublished. Dornberg p 69.
Author's visit to Karasubazaar/Alupka in Crimea 1998. Anna Abramova Gal- ichenka, Alupka Museum. Miranda p 234, 9 January 1787.
Kruchkov p 164. Author's visit to Nikolaev 1998. RGVIA 52.2.2.22-33, GAP to Starov 26 May 1790.
PRO FO Secretary of State: State Papers, Foreign, cyphers SP 106/67, Fawkener to Grenville 18 June 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.
The first population figures are from Kabuzan p 164. The second are from Druzhinina, pp 150-5, 160-5, and 200. Druzhinina is the most authoritative historian of Potemkin's southern settlements. The quotation is from McNeill p 200. McNeill also quotes Kabuzan's statistics.
Segur, Memoirs 1859 vol 2 p 43.
McNeill p 202.
ITUAK (1919) no 56 pp 127-30. G. Vernadsky, Prince G. A. Potemkin's poetry dedicated to the foundations of Ekaterinoslav.
chapter 20: anglomania: the benthams in russia and the
emperor of gardens
Jeremy Bentham, Collected Works ed Sir J. Bowring vol 10 p 171, George Wilson to JB 26 February 1787.
I. R. Christie, The Benthams in Russia pp 1-10.
BM 33558 f3, SB to ? 1 August 1780. M. S. Bentham pp 67-8. Some of these documents from the Bentham archive in the British Museum are fully or partly unpublished, though others or sections of them appear in one or more of the Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, Sir Samuel Bentham's biography (by his widow), and the outstanding articles and books by I. R. Christie, such as his work The Benthams in Russia. Therefore, though this author has returned to the original papers in the BM, only the Bentham documents found in the Russian archives, RGADA or RGVIA, are labelled unpublished. This account owes much to I. R. Christie.
BM 33555 f65, SB to JB 7 January 1783.
BM 33539 f6o, S. Pleshichev to JB 21 June 1780.
BM 33539 ff289-94, SB to JB 16 June 1782, Irkutsk.
BM 33539 f39, SB to JB? 8 April 1780.
BM 33564 f31, SB's diary 1783-4.
BM 33558 fioo, SB to Jeremiah Bentham 1 June 1783; fyy, SB to JB ud; ff 102- 4, SB to Field-Marshal Prince A. M. Golitsyn 23 March 1783; ff 108-9, SB to Countess Sophia Matushkina and, f 114, she to him 2/13 May 1783. BM 33540 f7, SB to JB? 20 January 1784.
BM 33540 f6, SB to JB 20 January 1784; ff 17-18, SB to JB 22 January OS 1784. BM 33540 f 7-12, SB to JB 20/31 January-2 February 1784 and 6/17-9/20 March 1784.
BM 33564 f30, SB's undated diary, March 1784.
Jeremy Bentham, Correspondence p 279, SB to JB 10/21 June-20 June/i July 1784.
BM 33540 f88, SB to ? 18 July 1784. M. S. Bentham pp 74-7, SB to Jeremiah Bentham 18 July 1784.
Christie, Benthams in Russia pp 122-6. Druzhinina, Severnoye prichernomorye p 148.
BM 33540 ff 87-9, SB to Jeremiah Bentham? 18 July 1784, Krichev.
CO/R/3/93 Cornwall Archives, Antony, Reginald Pole Carew 4/15 June 1781. CO/R/3/10.1, Pole Carew's plans for GAP's estates on the Dnieper, including the island of Chartyz, where he wanted to build some sort of town or settlement, are in GAP's archives: RGADA 11.900.3/4/5, Pole Carew to GAP 30 March 1782 and 13/24 August 1781. All of these, in Russia and Cornwall, are unpublished. Pole Carew's experiences in Russia are fascinating and ought to be published.
BM 33540 ff87~9, SB to Jeremiah Bentham 18 July 1784, Krichev.
M. S. Bentham p 77, SB to Jeremiah Bentham 18 July 1784.
Christie, Benthams in Russia pp 127-8. BM 33540 f216, SB to JB.
BM 33558 f383,A. Beaty to Thomas Watton. 18 February/i March 1786.
BM 33540 f99, SB to JB 26 August-6 September 1784.
BM 33540 fio8, GAP to SB 17 August 1784, Tsarskoe Selo.
BM 33540 fio8, GAP to SB 10 September 1784, St Petersburg.
RGADA 11.946.183, SB to GAP 3 March 1786.
BM 33540 f237, SB to Jeremiah Bentham 6 January 1786.
BM 33540 ff 380-2, JB to Jeremiah Bentham 2/14 June 1787.
BM 33540 ff87~9, SB to Jeremiah Bentham? 18 July 1784, Krichev.
BM 33540, GAP to SB 10 September 1785, St Petersburg.
M. S. Bentham p 79.
Christie, Benthams in Russia p 132.
RGADA 11.946.132-4, SB to GAP 18 July 1784, Krichev, unpublished.
Segur, Memoirs i960 p 71.
BM 33540 f70-78, SB to JB 10/12 June-20/1 July 1784.
BM 33540 fi47, 30 March/io April 1785.
BM 33540, SB to JB June 1784.
BM 33540 f68, SB to JB 19 June 1784, Kremenchuk.
BM 33540 £94, SB to JB 18 July 1784.
BM 33540 £235, Jeremiah Bentham 2 November 1784.
BM 33540 £306, Marquess of Lansdowne to Jeremiah Bentham 1 September 1788.
RGADA n.946.141-2, JB to GAP 27 August 1785. RGADA 11.946.186-210. J В to GAP February 1785. These are partly unpublished.
BM 33540 ffi5i-2, SB to JB 27 March 1785.
BM 33540 fi6o, Robert Hynam to JB 10 May 1785.
BM 33540 f258, JB to ? 9 May/28 April 1786.
SIRIO 23: 157.
Dimsdale p 51, 7 September NS 1781.
Cross, By the Banks of the Neva, pp 267-70, 274-6, 284. This account of GAP's gardeners owes much to Anthony Cross, By the Banks of the Neva. The delightful story of the roast beef is from Coxe's Travels (5th edn), quoted by Cross at p 410 n 163.
RGIA 1146.1.33, unpublished. See note 49.
Anna Abramova Galichenka, Alupka Museum. Author's visit to Crimea 1998.
RGIA 1146.1.33, unpublished. On Gould's movements and projects in Astrakhan, Ukraine, Nikolaev and Crimea, see Cross, By the Banks of the Neva p 275. Call must have been Martin Miller Call, one of the three gardeners recruited by CtG from the Duke of Northumberland. Call only left for Russia in 1792 and worked in the Taurida Garden. Cross, By the Banks of the Neva p 285. Elisabeth Vigee Lebrun was one of the many who likened Potemkin's 'magnificence' to the Arabian Nights and acclaimed 'the power and grandeur of his imagination'. Vigee Lebrun
PP 23-4.
RGADA 11.891.1, Prince Belozelsky to GAP 9/20 July 1780, unpublished.
RGADA 11.923.8, H to GAP 15 June 1784, London, unpublished.
RGADA 11.923.5, H to GAP 4 June 1784, unpublished. RGVIA 52.2.89.91, Lord Carysfort to GAP 12 July 1789, London, unpublished. Sir Joshua Reynolds to GAP 4 August 1789, quoted in 'Sir Joshua and the Empress Catherine' by Frederick W. Hilles pp 270-3 in Eighteenth Century Studies in Honor of Donald F. Hyde. Cross, By the Banks of the Neva pp 321-3.
Author's visit to Hermitage Museum, W. Europe Dept, Maria P. Garnova, 1998.
B&F vol 1 p 115, Count Cobenzl to JII 4 February 1781; p 265, Cobenzl to JII 4 December 1781; p 278, JII to Cobenzl 27 December 1781. Brompton's most famous painting is his dreamy portrayal of the two young Grand Dukes, Alexander and Constantine - it was, as Anthony Cross writes in his By the Banks of the Neva p 310, 'the realisation of her "Greek Project" with her little grandsons in the starring roles of a future Alexander the Great and a Constantine the Great'. (The Bromptons named one of their children Alexander Constantine.) One of his paintings of the Empress must have been sent to Vienna, but its destiny is unknown.