Prince of Princes -The Life of Potemkin

SIRIO 54 (1886): p 149, Richelieu, 'Mon voyage'. Golovina pp 24-5.

RGVIA 52.11.69.61, GAP to Count Joseph de Witte 21 September 1788, unpublished.

RP 1.1 p 72. AGAD 421: 5-6 and 20-1, Deboli to SA ud, March 1791, and 8 April 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.

AGAD 421: 12-15 ^and 20-1, Deboli to SA 1 and 8 April 1791, unpublished. Stedingk p 103, Stedingk to Gustavus III 25 March NS 1791, St Petersburg.

AGAD 421:12-15, Deboli to SA ¹ April 1791, St Petersburg unpublished. Stedingk p 108, Jennings to Fronce 1 April 1791, St Petersburg. AAE 20: 286, Langeron, 'Evenements 1790'.

AGAD 421: 22-3 Deboli to SA 12 April 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.

Ehrman, vol 2 pp 18-19. RGADA 5.85.2.290, L 455, CII to GAP 25 April 1791. The despatch of Suvorov to Sweden is regarded by most Suvorov historians are more evidence of Potemkin's jealousy, though in fact the Swedish threat was a real one in April 1791.

Stedingk p 107, Jennings to Fronce 1 April NS 1791, St Petersburg.

Stedingk pp 113-16, Stedingk to Gustavus III 8 April NS 1791, St Petersburg.

Stedingk pp 109-10, Jennings to Fronce 1 April NS 1791, St Petersburg.

Stedingk pp 113-16, Stedingk to Gustavus III 8 April NS 1791, St Petersburg.

AGAD 421: 16-19, Deboli to SA 5 April 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.

К. E. Dzedzhula, Rossiya i velikaya Frantzuzskaya burzhuaznaya revolyutsiya kontsa XVIII veka p 281. Literaturnoye nasledstvo (Moscow 1937) vol 29-30 pp 448-50, Baron Simolin to Count Osterman 21 March/i April 1791, Paris pp 450- i. Also AKV 8: 1-38, S. R. Vorontosov to F. V. Rostopchin 18/29 November 1796. GAP was closely informed of the Revolution both by Stackelberg in Warsaw, whose letters are in RGVIA 52.2.39.385, and by Simolin, for example RGVIA 52.2.56.31, as well as by Segur: RGVIA 52.2.64.24, Comte de Segur to GAP 9 May 1790, Paris. All these are unpublished. Catherine's true opinion of Mirabeau ('fit to be broken on the wheel') is in SIRIO 23 (1878): 520, CII to Grimm 30 April 1791. Antonina Vallentin, Mirabeau: Voice of the Revolution p 65.

Stedingk pin, Stedingk to Gustavus III 8 April NS 1791, St Petersburg.

Stedingk p 94, Stedingk to Gustavus III 11 March NS 1791; and p 96, 17 March 1791, St Petersburg.

ADAD 421: 84 Deboli to SA ud, March? 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.

Derzhavin Sochineniya vol 6 p 592.

Madariaga, Politics and Culture pp 166-7. Franz Demmler, Memoirs of the Court of Prussia p 342.

3 5 Vernadsky Imperatritsa Ekaterina II i Zakonodatdnaya Komissiya 1767-8 pp 237- 9, quoted in Lopatin, Potemkin i Suvorov p 213.

Robert H. Lord, The Second Partition of Poland pp 180-1. Goertz p 74.

Khrapovitsky p 359, 15, 17, 22 March 1791.

RS(i892) April p 179, Memoirs of Fyodor Secretarev.

Khrapovitsky pp 359-61, 7 and 9 April 1791. Madariaga, Russia p 418. Lord p 181 and appendix 5, Osterman to Alopeus 14/25 March 1791.

SIRIO 42: 150-1. RS (1887) 55 p 317.

Ehrman vol 2 pp 19-28. Madariaga, Russia p 418. Lord pp 183-5. Hansard XXIX: 31 and 52-79. AKV 8: 1-38, S. R. Vorontsov to Rostopchin 18/29 November 1796. The Marquess of Salisbury compared the confrontation of Britain with Russia in 1878 to a fight between a shark and a wolf (quoted in Andrew Roberts, Salisbury, (London 1999).

PRO FO Secretary of State: State Papers, Foreign, cyphers SP 106/67 ⁿ° 29, Charles Whitworth 10 June 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.

Odessa State Local History Museum, invitation to Countess Osterman 28 April 1791. Author's visit to Odessa August 1998. Unpublished.

chapter 32: carnival and crisis

For the main sources for this account of the Second Turkish War, see Chapter 26, note 1. For the Polish Revolution, this chapter uses, apart from the references given below, Alexander, CtG pp 285-92, and Madariaga, Russia pp 409-26, Lord pp 512-28, Zamoyski, Last King of Poland pp 326-57, Ehrman vol 2 pp 26-41, McKay and Scott pp 240-7. Also Jerzy Lojek, 'CII's Armed Intervention in Poland' and Jerzy Lukowski, The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, ^I795• Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin p 243.

SIRIO 23 (1878): 517-19, CII to Baron F. M. Grimm 29 April 1791.

Zoia Belyakova, The Romanov Legacy p 91. Potemkin would not use tallow. The cost was said to be more than 70,000 roubles: he had bought every candle in the capital and had to order more from Moscow.

Derzhavin quoted from A. A. Kiuchariants, Ivan Starov (Leningrad 1982) p 43 by Cross, By the Banks of the Neva p 275. The words and music of the four choral pieces were, according to Bolotina's 'Private Library of Prince GAPT', by G. R. Derzhavin and Osip Kozlovisky respectively.

Anspach, Journey p 137, 18 February 1786.

Derzhavin ode quoted in Lopatin, Potemkin i Suvorov p 230.

L. I. Dyachenko at Tavrichesky Palace. Author's visit to St Petersburg 1998. Also L. I. Dyachenko, Tavrichesky Dvorets pp 1-64.

This account is based on the following: SIRIO 23 (1878): 517-19, CII to Grimm 29 April 1791. Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin p 243. Masson pp 240-4, 386-7. Belyakova p 91. Dyachenko pp 1-57. Author's visit to Taurida Palace with Ludmila Dyachenko September 1998. Moskvityanin zhurnal (1852) vol 3 pp 21-8, about the private life of Prince Potemkin.

Pushkin, Polnoye Sobraniye Sochineniya vol 12 p 177. Story of Natalia Zakrevskaya, nee Razumovskaya. This was the sister of Elisaveta, the daughter of Kirill Razumovsky with whom GAP possibly flirted in the 1760s.

Stedingk p 137, Count Stedingk to Gustavus III 18 May 1791, St Petersburg.

SIRIO 23 (1878): 519, 29 April 1791, and SIRIO 23 (1878): 520, 30 April 1791, CII to Grimm, St Petersburg. Zamoyski, Last King of Poland pp 337-6. Edmund Burke, Collected Works vol 6 pp 244-6, quoted in Zamoyski p 345. Lord pp 527- 8. Madariaga, Russia pp 420-1.

ADAD 421: 22-3, Deboli to SA 12 April 1791; 421: 36-9, 29 April 1791; 421: 58-65, 17 May 1791, St Petersburg, unpublished.

RGADA 5.85.2.289, L 457, CII to GAP May 1791.

RV (1841) vol 8 pp 366-7, GAP to Admiral F. F. Ushakov, Prince N. I. Repnin and General-en-Chef I. V. Gudovich n May 1791. RGVIA 52.2.21.153, L 457, GAP to CII 9 June 1791, and RGVIA 52.2.21.145-9, GAP to CII 9 June 1791. Anapa, like Ismail, Bender and Akkerman, was always a Russian target. See Dubrovin, Istoriya voyny vol 2 p 269, GAP to Gudovich on Anapa 24 December 1790. RGADA 16.799.2.170, L 456, and RGADA 16.766.2.171, L 456, both GAP to CII. These letters, dating from this time, propose settling Swedish prisoners, Armenians and Moldavians in GAP's lands as well as expanding Nikolaev and building more ships.

RA (1874) 2 pp 251-2, CII rescript to GAP on Poland 16 May 1791.

Jerzy Lojek, 'Catherine's Armed Intervention in Poland' pp 579-81.

RGVIA 52.2.68.32 and /30, Count Felix Potocki to GAP 12 October 1790 and 9 July 1791, unpublished. Lord pp 527-8, Potocki to GAP 14 May 1791, all three from Vienna. RGVIA 52.2.68.47, GAP to Potocki 18/29 May 1790. RGVIA 52.2.68.48, GAP to Potocki 8 February 1791, unpublished.