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NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI from The Prince 405

Therefore it is unnecessary for a prince to have all of the good quailties I have enumerated, but it is very necessary to appear to have them.

0 ABRAHAM BOSSE Frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan 414

The frontispiece to Hobbes's Leviathan by the artist and printmaker Abraham Bosse.

JAMES MADISON Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments 417

We maintain therefore that in matters of Religion, no man's right is abridged by the institution of Civil Society and that Religion is wholly exempt from its cognizance.

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. Letter from Birmingham Jail 425

We can never forget that everything Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and every­thing the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal."

AUNG SAN SUU KYI from In Quest of Democracy 442

The root of a nation's misfortunes has to be sought in the moral failings of the government.

DESMOND TUTU Nuremberg or National Amnesia: A Third Way 450

To forgive is not just to be altruistic. It is the best form of selfinterest. What dehumanizes you inexorably dehumanizes me. [Forgiveness] gives people resilience, enabling them to survive and emerge still human despite all efforts to dehumanize them.

BARACK OBAMA A More Perfect Union 460

I have asserted a firm conviction—a conviction rooted in my faith in God and my faith in the American people—that working together we can move beyond some of our old racial wounds, and that in fact we have no choice if we are to continue on the path of a more perfect union.

WAR AND PEACE 473

MO TZU Against Offensive Warfare 476

Now all the gentlemen in the world know enough to condemn such acts and brand them as unrighteous. And yet, when it comes to the even greater unrighteousness of offensive warfare against other states, they do not know enough to condemn it.

SUN TZU from The Art of War 479

Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be in peril.

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS from Summa Theologica 483

Those who wage war justly aim at peace.

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS from Against War 488

War, what other thing else is it than a common manslaughter of many men together, and a robbery, the which, the farther it sprawleth abroad, the more mischievous it is?

0 EUGENE DELACROIX Liberty Leading the People 494

A nineteenth-century painting celebrates the French Revolution.

0 PABLO PICASSO Guernica 497

A cubist painting portrays the 1937 bombing of a Basque town in northern Spain.

MARGARET MEAD Warfare: An Invention—Not a Biological

Necessity 500

Warfare is just an invention known to the majority of human societies by which they permit their young men either to accumulate prestige or avenge their honour or acquire loot or wives or slaves or sago lands or cattle or appease the blood lust of their gods or the restless souls of the recently dead.

GEORGE ORWELL Pacifism and the War 508

If Mr. Savage and others imagine that one can somehow "overcome" the German army by lying on one's back, let them go on imagining it, but let them also wonder occasionally whether this is not an illusion due to security, too much money and a simple ignorance of the way in which things actually happen.

MAREVASEI KACHERE War Memoir 514

I was tired of being beaten and so I decided . . . to join the liberation struggle.

0 THE WOMEN OF WORLD WAR II MONUMENT 521

A monument to the women of the British Empire who served at home and abroad during World War II.

TAWAKKOL KARMAN Nobel Lecture 524

When women are treated unjustly and are deprived of their natural right . . . all social deficiencies and cultural illnesses will be unfolded, and in the end the whole community, men and women, will suffer.

8 WEALTH, POVERTY, AND SOCIAL CLASS 533

EPICTETUS To Those Who Fear Want 536

If your parents were poor, and left their property to others, and if while they live, they do not help you at all, is this shameful to you?

NEW TESTAMENT Luke, Chapter 16 541

If therefore ye have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who will com­mit to your trust the true riches?

PO-CHU-I The Flower Market 545

A cluster of deep-red flowers / Would pay the taxes of ten poor houses.

0 WILLIAM HOGARTH Gin Lane 548

An eighteenth-century engraving depicts the evils of gin.

THOMAS MALTHUS from An Essay on the Principle of Population 552

Impelled to the increase of his species by an equally powerful instinct, reason inter­rupts his career and asks him whether he may not bring beings into the world for whom he cannot provide the means of subsistence.

MOHANDAS GANDHI Economic and Moral Progress 560

I venture to think that the scriptures of the world are far safer and sounder treatises on laws of economics than many of the modern textbooks.

0 DOROTHEA LANGE Migrant Mother 568

A migrant farmworker holds her baby, surrounded by her children, during the Great Depression.

SIMONE WEIL Equality 571

Equality is a vital need of the human soul. It consists in the recognition . . . that the same amount of respect and consideration is due to every human being.

OCTAVIO PAZ from The Day of the Dead 575

The fiesta's function, then, is more utilitarian than we think: waste attracts or promotes wealth, and is an investment like any other, except that the returns on it cannot be measured or counted. What is sought is potency, life, health. In this sense the fiesta, like the gift and the offering, is one of the most ancient of economic forms.

GARRETT HARDIN Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor 582

We cannot remake the past. We cannot safely divide the wealth equitably among all peoples so long as people reproduce at different rates. To do so would guarantee that our grandchildren and everyone else's grandchildren would have only a ruined world to inhabit.

JOSEPH STIGLITZ Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society 594

American inequality didn't just happen. It was created.

part 2 a guide to reading and writing 9 READING IDEAS 605

Prereading 606 • Annotating 609 • Identifying Patterns 612 Reading Visual Texts 614 • Summarizing 617 • Reading with a Critical Eye 618