Выбрать главу

Margaret Mead, Warfare: An Invention—Not a Biological Necessity

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. The United States enters World War II

George Orwell, Pacifism and the War

World War II ends with the United States dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. United Nations founded Cold War begins with Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech State of Israel founded

Mao Zedong's Communists push the Nationalist forces off main­land China and establish the People's Republic of China • Apartheid instituted in South Africa

Octavio Paz, The Day of the Dead

Korean War involves North and South Korea, the United Nations, and China

Revolution in Egypt, which becomes a republic in 1953

Independence for Belgian Congo, Uganda, Tanganyika, Nigeria

Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space

United States engaged in Vietnam War

Rachel Carson, The Obligation to Endure

Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail

Wayne Booth, The Rhetorical Stance

Karl Popper, Science as Falsification

Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution attacks Confucian tradition and intellectuals in China

Neil Armstrong becomes first human on the moon

Barry Commoner, The Four Laws of Ecology

Arab oil producers cut off shipments to nations supporting Israel. Ensuing energy crisis reshapes global economy

Garrett Hardin, Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor

Alice Walker, Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self Richard Feynman, O Americano Outra Vez Gloria Anzaldua, How to Tame a Wild Tongue

Aung San Suu Kyi, In Quest of Democracy • East and West Germany united Soviet Union dissolved

Toni Morrison, Nobel Lecture • World Wide Web established

1940

1941

1942

1945

1946

1948

1949

1950

1950­

1952

1960­

1961

1962­

1962

1963

1966­

1969

1971

1973

1974

1983

1985

1987

1990

1991

1993

1994

Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa after first multiracial elections there

Timeline 1997 TO 2013

Desmond Tutu, Nuremberg or National Amnesia: A Third Way

Edward O. Wilson, The Fitness of Human Nature

Marevasei Kachere, War Memoir

Elaine Scarry, On Beauty and Being Just

2001 Islamists fly jets into the United States Pentagon and the World

Trade Center

2003 United States invades Iraq

Lisa Yuskavage, Babie I

Women of World War II Monument

Wangari Maathai, Foresters without Diplomas

Brain Scan

Vandana Shiva, Soil, Not Oil

Barack Obama, A More Perfect Union

Martha Nussbaum, Education for Profit, Education for Democracy

Nicholas Carr, A Thing Like Me

Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow Tawakkol Karman, Nobel Lecture

Joseph Stiglitz, Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society

xxvi

Zeynep Tufekci, Networked Politics from Tahrir to Taksim

Pronunciation Guide

PHONETIC KEY

 

 

a as in cat ah as in father ai as in light ay as in day

aw as in raw

e as in pet

ee as in street

ehr as in air

er as in bird

eu as in lurk g as in good i as in sit

j as in joke nh a nasal sound

o as in pot oh as in no

oo as in boot

oy as in toy

or as in bore

ow as in now

s as in mess

u as in p u t uh as in us

zh as in vision

 

 

NAMES, TERMS, AND TITLES

Abraham Bosse ah-brahm' bahs'-uh

Aeschylus esh'-kuh-luhs

Anzaldua ahn-zuhl-doo'-uh

Aung San Suu Kyi owng sahn soo chee

Boethius boh-ee'-thee-uhs

Carl Jung kahrl yung

Christine de Pizan kris-teen' day pee-zanh' Daniel Kahneman dan'-yel khan'-i-min Epictetus eh-pic-tay'-tus Erasmus eh-raz'-muz

Eugene Delacroix eu-zhen' duh-lah-krwah' Feynman fain'-mun

xxviii Pronunciation Guide

Hsun Tzu shinh tsuh

Johannes Vermeer yoh-hahn'-uhs ver-meer' Lao Tzu low tsuh

Laurentius de Voltolina lahr-en'-ti-uhs day vohl-tow-leen'-uh Marevasei Kachere mahr-e-vah-sai' kuh-cher'-ai Matsuo Basho maht-soo-oh bah-shoh Mencius men'-chee-oos Mo Tzu mor tsuh

Murasaki Shikibu mu-ruh-saw'-kee shi-kee'-boo Octavio Paz ohk-tahv-'ee-oh pahz Pericles pehr'-uh-klees Po-Chu-I bo-choo-ee'

Rabindranath Tagore ra-bin'-dra-nahth tah-gor' Seneca sen'-ah-kah Simone Weil see-mohn' vyle

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz sor wahnah een-nez day lah krooz Sun Tzu shunh tsuh

Tawakkol Karman ta-wah-kohl kahr-mahn' Vandana Shiva van'-dah-nah shee'-vuh Wangari Maathai wawn-gah-ree mah-tai Yuskavage you-skah/-vidge Zeynep Tufekci zay'-nef too-fetch'-ee

PART 1

READING

THE WORLD

PART 1

READING

THE WORLD

o

EDUCATION

What Does It Mean to Be an Educated Person?

Such is the constitution of the human mind, that any kind of knowledge, if it be really such, is its own reward.

—John Henry Newman

In 1854, the great English scholar and Catholic convert, John Henry Newman, was appointed the rector of the newly created Catholic University of Ireland. In this capacity, Newman delivered a series of lectures about the nature and purpose of higher education. In 1858, these lectures were published together as The Idea of a University—which became one of the nineteenth century's most influential books on the purpose of education. Newman argued that education had to do more than just prepare people for different careers—it had to teach a body of knowledge and set of skills that, while not immediately applicable to any kind of work, were vital to the growth and development of a human being. Knowledge, he believed, was capable of being its own reward.