- Lu (he) toshi (also, too) hev (to have) rosa (rose). Lu toshi hev rosa. – He has a rose too.
f) non-exactness: hampi (almost), sirke (about, approximately), vaika (just, at least), kwasi (as if)
- Hampi (almost) oli (everybody) lai (to come). Hampi oli lai. – Nearly everybody comes / came.
- Me (I) hev (to have) sirke (approximately) dwa (two) litra (litre) milka (milk). Me hev sirke dwa litra milka. – I have about two litres milk.
- Dai (to give) ba ("imperative") vaika (at least, just) fo (for) un (one) minuta (minute)! Dai ba vaika fo un minuta! – Give (it to me) at least for one minute!
- Ela (she) kwasi bu (not) merki (to notice) me (I). Ela kwasi bu merki me. - She behaves as if she didn't notice me.
g) exceptiveness: sol (only), sim (simply), rek (just, straight), yus (just)
- Sol ela (she) mog (can) samaji (to understand) me (I). Sol ela mog samaji me. – Only she can understand me.
- Sim silensi (to keep silence) ba (imperative marker) idyen (a little). Sim silensi ba idyen. - Just keep silence for a while.
- Sey (this) kamina (road) dukti (to lead) rek a (to) urba (town). Sey kamina dukti rek a urba. - This road leads straight to the town.
h) degree: gro (very much, greatly)
- Lu (he) lubi (to love) suy (his / her) molya (wife) gro (much). Lu lubi suy molya gro. – He loves his wife very much.
i) continuation: for (further, on)
- Ta (he / she) gun (to work) for (further). Ta gun for. – He is working on.
j) away: wek (away)
- Go (to go) wek (away)! Go wek! – Go away!
k) loose: los
- Doga (dog) es (is) los (loose). Doga es los. – The dog is loose.
l) on / off: on, of
- Mah ("to make") radio (radio) on. Mah radio on. – Make the radio on.
m) emphasis: iven (even), primem (firstly)
- Iven kinda (child) mog (can) samaji (to understand) se (this)). Iven kinda mog samaji se. – Even a child can understand that.
n) in vain: vanem
- Li (they) shuki (to look for) ol (whole) dey (day), bat (but) vanem. Li shuki ol dey, bat vanem. – The have been looking for it during the whole day, but in vain. 5. Verb[edit]
Examples: vidi (to see), jan (to know), shwo (to talk). 5.1. Verb form doesn't change. Grammar meaning are expressed with special particles. Exception: bi (to be) – es (is / are / am) – bin (was / were).
5.2. Tenses
If there is any indication of time of action, the basic verb form can be used.
- Unves (once) me (I) miti (to meet) rega (king / queen). Unves me miti rega. – Once I met a king / queen.
The tense can be specified with particles:
a) ve- ("future tense"), -te ("past tense")
- Me (I) lekti (to read) mucho (much). Me lekti mucho. – I read a lot.
- Bat (but) me (I) bu (not) lekti-te (to read + "past tense") sey (this) kitaba (book). Bat me bu lekti-te sey kitaba. – I didn't read this book.
- Me (I) ve ("future tense") lekti (to read) it (it). Me ve lekti it. – I will read it.
b) zai (continuous marker)
- Me (I) bu (not) mog (can) lai (to come) nau (now), me (I) zai chi (to eat) deyfan (dinner). Me bu mog lai nau, me zai chi deyfan. – I can't come now I'm having dinner.
- Kwo (what) me (I) zwo (to do) yeri (yesterday) klok ("o'clock") sit (six)? Me (I) zai promeni-te (to walk + "past tense") in (in) shulin (forest). Kwo me zwo yeri klok sit? Me zai promeni-te in shulin. – What was I doing yesterday at six o'clock? I was walking in the forest.
c) he (completed action)
- Me (I) he zwo (to do) olo (all, everything). Me he zwo olo. – I have done everything.
d) yus he ("just")
- Way (why) yu (you) es (is / are) gande (dirty)? Me (I) yus he woshi (to wash) yu (you)! Way yu es gande? Me yus he woshi yu! – Why are you dirty? I have just washed you!
e) gwo (indefinite past, "used to")
- Ob (a question particle) nu (we) gwo miti (to meet) koylok (somewhere)? Ob nu gwo miti koylok? – Have me ever met somewhere?
f) sal (near future, "be going to")
- Sup (soup) es (is / are) tayar (ready). Nu (we) sal chi (to eat) deyfan (dinner). Sup es tayar. Nu sal chi deyfan. – The soup is ready. We are going to have dinner.
5.3. Subjunctive ("would"): wud
- Me (I) wud yao (to want) bi (to be) rega (king / queen). Me wud yao bi rega. – I would like to be a king / a queen.
5.4. Speaking about an other people's opinion: muka
- Lu (he) muka lubi (to love) ela (she). Lu muka lubi ela. – He is said to love her.
5.5. Imperative:
a) ba
- Gani (to sing) ba, me (I) pri (to like) audi (to hear) wen (when) yu (you) gani (to sing). Gani ba, me pri audi wen yu gani. – Sing (to me), I like to hear you sing.
b) bye (don't)
- Bye lai (to come)! Bye lai! – Don't come!
c) hay (let, may), magari (I wish), nomagari (I wish not)
- Hay may (my) yaosa (wish) fulfil (fulfil)! Hay may yaosa fulfil! — May my wish come true!
- Magari surya (sun) lai (to come)! Magari surya lai! – I wish the sun came!
- Nomagari pluvi (to rain)! Nomagari pluvi! – I wish it didn't rain!
5.6. Indication of transitiveness (if necessary):
a) fa- ("to become, get"): astoni (to astonish) – fa-astoni (to get astonished)
b) mah- ("to cause"): lwo (to fall) – mah-lwo (to drop)
5.7. Indication of the aspect (if necessary):
a) en- (to begin): Poy (then) ta (he / she) en-gani (to begin to sing). Poy ta en-gani. – Then he / she begins / began singing.
b) ek- ("one time or suddenly"): Ela (she) ek-krai (to cry one time) turan (suddenly). Ela ek-krai turan. – She gave a cry suddenly.
c) verb doubling (action takes some time or is repeated many times): Lu (he) go-go (go) pa (preposition of a wide meaning) shamba (room). Lu go-go pa shamba. – He paced up and down the room.
d) the adverb oltaim (the action is continuous or is repeting all the time): Lu (he) shwo (to say, to talk) oltaim. Lu shwo oltaim. – He is talking all the time.
5.8. Passive: gei ("is being done")
- Me (I) zai (continuous marker) lekti (to read) sey (this) kitaba (book), also (so) it (it) gei lekti (to read). Me zai lekti sey kitaba, also it gei lekti. – I'm reading this book, so it is being read.
5.9. Participle:
a) -she (active)
- Me (I) zai (continuous marker) lekti (to read), me (I) es (is / are) lekti-she (reading). Me zai lekti, me es lekti-she. – I'm reading.