“Yes,” I said.
AUTHOR’S NOTE
I had originally planned to go to Portugal for a month and do research in person, but a lot of things happened that forced me to cancel the trip, so this whole book was written using online sources and picking people’s brains. I also cooked and ate a lot of Portuguese food and drank a lot of Portuguese wine—as research! I’m pretty sure I made mistakes and I apologize for anything (and everything) I screwed up.
And if you’re thinking, “Why Portugal, Kat?” I blame Carlos. I’ve always had a strange affection for Portugal even without having been there, and, of course, Carlos is Portuguese. Since this book leans heavily on Carlos’s backstory, there was nowhere else to set it (and I’d already set it up in the previous book).
Portugal has an interesting history and I’d already used the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 as a historical reference point in the series. It’s still one of the most devastating natural disasters in recorded history—a magnitude 9 earthquake that wiped out the whole city of Lisbon, took down most of Casablanca, toppled church towers in Seville, and was followed by a tsunami (some reports claim two) and a fire that raged for ten days. Many historians and economists feel it was the beginning of the end for Portugal as a world power—at the time, Portugal was the undisputed ruler of the seas.
In the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, if you didn’t have a Portuguese chart and navigator on board, the chances of your ship returning home from a transatlantic voyage were small. And you’re going to say, “Yeah, well, what about the English?” The English had access to Portuguese charts because they had a treaty with Portugal—the longest still-standing political alliance in Western Europe. It started when a group of English crusaders stopped in Portugal in 1147 to break the Siege of Lisbon, and it became an official relationship with the Treaty of Windsor in 1386 when the first Duke of Lancaster married his daughter Philippa to John I of Portugal. It was an uneasy relationship once England became Protestant, but it stuck and was still in effect during the Second World War—which was one of many reasons Portugal remained neutral during that war. It’s still in effect today and it’s the reason that Britain first became involved in the Peninsular Wars against Napoleon, but that’s another story.
When Carlos talked about the families that were wiped out after the Tavora Affair (the supposed plot to kill the king of Portugal and replace him with the Duke of Aveiro in 1758), you might have noticed the name “Lencestre.” That was the Portuguese spelling of the family name of the Duke of Aveiro, who was accused and later executed as one of the conspirators in the Tavora Affair, along with the Count of Alvor and his wife, the Marchioness Leonor of Tavora, and the Count of Atouguia. And yes, that was the same Lancaster family that established the long-reigning Plantagenet dynasty of England that started with Edward III and continued through Elizabeth I. The duke was a direct descendant of the kings of Portugal and England. It took some serious confidence and a lot of gall for the Marquis of Pombal to point a finger at three of the most important and ancient noble houses of Portugal and say, “They tried to kill the king” and then have all the men killed—most of the women and children were spared by the intervention of the queen of Portugal and the crown princess. Things didn’t go so well for the Tavora family, which was wiped out completely and its estates in Lisbon torn down, plowed under, and the earth salted. There’s still a memorial obelisk at the location in the Belém district with an inscription that reads:
In this place were razed to the ground and salted the houses of José Mascarenhas, stripped of the honours of Duque de Aveiro and others, convicted by sentence proclaimed in the Supreme Court of Inconfidences on 12 January 1759. Brought to Justice as one of the leaders of the most barbarous and execrable upheaval that, on the night of 3 September 1758, was committed against the most royal and sacred person of the Lord Joseph I. On this infamous land nothing may be built for all time.
Of course, the obelisk is now lost in a sea of twentieth-century housing and used as a pissoir. But in spite of the housing crisis, Pombal really did have the brass balls to take out three of the most influential noble families in Portugal—only two of the ancient families survived: the de Melo family (funny that . . .) and the Bragança family (directly descended from the ruling family of Portugal by—surprise!—a bastard son).
Every biographical article I was able to find about Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the first Marquis of Pombal, mentions his distrust and dislike of the ancient nobility of Portugal and most speculate that the Tavora Affair was a convenient excuse for him to take them down. While he did a lot of great things for the country during his tenure as secretary of state (a post we’d now equate with prime minister), and he was probably a genius, he was universally acknowledged as a cold-blooded intellectual, an ambitious politician, a hard-ass, and a right bastard (but not an illegitimate one). He did attend the venerable University of Coimbra and he was distantly related to the noble Ataíde family—his father, a member of the landed gentry, was Manuel de Carvalho e Ataíde. Any living descendants of the first Marquis of Pombal may wish to argue with me, but the historic record is fairly clear—he was a great man, but not a nice one (although I doubt he ever threw anyone out a window).
And speaking of bastards, while it’s true that Europe—and Portugal in particular—had a history of acknowledging the illegitimate sons of influential families, there’s no evidence that there ever was anyone like Carlos in the Ataíde family. The Count of Atouguia may have had a few by-blows—it was quite common—but to the best of my knowledge, none of them were necromancers. I’d picked Carlos’s family name out of a hat back in an earlier book and, when I mixed the name with the earthquake and what happened later, I found myself with a really interesting backstory. Sometimes I have writer serendipity and this was one instance of random information coming together to make my life both harder and more interesting. The House of Atouguia became extinct with the execution of the eleventh count, but the family name, Ataíde, remained. I apologize to any living descendants for sticking them with a monster in their midst.
Portugal has a history of conflict with Spain and, of course, there were also the Napoleonic Wars and several civil wars with which to haunt the landscape. The country really does have Europe’s highest number of ossuaries and they are unusual in that they are small but frequent. There are certainly more famous collections of bones—the spooky and bizarre Sedlec chapel in the Czech Republic being one of the most famous—but nowhere else will you see one used as a garden shed or plunked down in a seawall facing a popular tourist beach. I didn’t have the room to write these particular ossuaries in, but they do exist in the Algarve, the southern coastal area of Portugal.
I had to resort to Panaramio, Google Maps, and Google Earth frequently and to translated blogs by Portuguese residents and English-language tourists passing through to get background, flavor, and the relationship of buildings and streets and even the general layout of areas like the ruins of the Carmo Convent—I looked for hours to find that side door.
I found the “Little Sawtooth Dolmen” through a blog called The Little Black Pig. I never did figure out the name of the woman who compiled it, but her excited discovery of the standing stones in a field near Monforte sent me all over the Web looking for more information until I finally found the name—in Portuguese—attached to someone else’s photo. The stones do appear to change character drastically, depending on the lighting. I saw several photos online that were obviously the same stones, but strikingly different depending on the angle of the sun at the time. The legend of the Devil’s Pool, however, I made up.