Theatrical companies, the Bolshoi Ballet, and many thousands of ordinary citizens have also been moved out of range of enemy air raids, although enough remained to continue mounting performances and showing films to determined, appreciative audiences. It sounds crazy, but I heard it first-hand from people who had experienced this phenomenon—actors in their overcoats (it is now seriously cold), performing French comedies in unheated theaters to amuse frightened, hungry Muscovites and military personnel.
Somewhere in the confusion, I lost the bundle of clothing you had so lovingly prepared for me. I can only hope that it will help save the life of some other person; the need is universal and immeasurably desperate. My documents were safe in my breast pocket, though, and I kept my dwindling food supplies with me at all times. I wore the boots, too, and have bleeding blisters to prove it, after all this unexpected hiking.
I will write again, when I have an address to receive your letters. Be strong, Mama, be strong.
18 November 1941
Dearest Mama,
Here is what happened. On my arrival at the field hospital, I was immediately inducted into the army. Like every conscript, I was given a few days’ rifle and grenade training and a military regulations manual to study. Since I am medical personnel, though not officially a doctor, I was not issued a weapon. Truly, I am not sure that I could use one against another human being, no matter what his national allegiance.
I cannot begin to describe the horror of this place, the young men who come here with maimed and broken bodies, the innocence I still see in their dying eyes. There is no real medicine practiced here; we have a drastic shortage of medication and supplies. We patch up the ones we can and send them back into the inferno. And they go, for the most part, resigned to their fate in the service of their homeland. We have heard stories of desertion, both individuals and entire units, frustrated by poor communication, conflicting orders, and debilitating lack of food and supplies. They say many thousands have been taken prisoner, their future now uncertain. Even if liberated, their actions will remain suspect, tainted by perceived lack of courage and contact with the enemy.
Winter is here in full force, with no thaw expected until March. The patient barracks are mostly unheated. The sick huddle under blankets and greatcoats, their heads and feet wrapped in rags. Clothing from fatalities is immediately snatched up by survivors, with savage fights breaking out over a fur cap or decent pair of felt boots.
Do not send packages; they will not arrive. All I ask for is a letter from you, to warm my heart. You can write care of my regiment. I hope to receive your letter eventually, even if the hospital is moved. I long for news of home and my dear family.
In my dreams, I sit with you in our clean, orderly kitchen, drinking tea, waiting for Father’s return from his travels. Galya is there, too, singing her sentimental songs, interrupting our conversation in her usual mindless manner. I see now that it is only a sign of her inexperience. She knows nothing of life, nothing at all.
I send you all my love.
5
ZINAIDA GRIGORYEVNA KNEW how fortunate she was. If it were not for her father’s status as a beribboned hero of the revolution, there would have been no toy shop to occupy the time of her now certain spinsterhood. She had long since stopped asking exactly what his function was; she only knew that he traveled freely and extensively throughout the Soviet Union and, occasionally, abroad. Something to do with industry, visiting factories, submitting reports, attending conferences in Kostroma, Stalingrad, Vladivostok.
He had served with enough distinction to earn a spacious Moscow apartment and the privilege to call on an Italian tailor from time to time. If his luggage held two or three carefully wrapped porcelain dolls or a fairy-tale marionette (for the grandchildren he would never have), no customs clerk would presume to question their presence, any more than they would cast more than a passing glance at his doeskin gloves or hand-sewn shoes.
Zinaida Grigoryevna was not politically inclined; she did not delve into questions of economic models or political ideologies. Her personal needs were modest, and running the shop had never been about money. She simply loved toys.
And she loved Yalta. Her father’s Party status and her mother’s poor health had created the opportunity for her to visit the renowned resort several times while growing up. When her mother’s advanced condition had reached a stage beyond the help of salt air, healing mineral baths, and a climate as close to paradise as one could find in the northern hemisphere, the two of them stayed on, away from the capital’s dark bone-chilling winters. Her father visited them when he could, dividing his time between Moscow, his bureaucratic obligations, and his sad little family.
When Zinaida Grigoryevna was twenty-six her mother died. A large, ungainly, plain young woman with close-set eyes, a small mouth, and big feet, she claimed to have no interest in marriage at all, especially since no likely candidates seemed to be forthcoming. She convinced her doting father to help her turn a lifelong passion for playthings into a livelihood, securing a choice spot on the broad avenue facing the picturesque seawall.
It turned out to be a wise decision. The new nation struggled to define itself, putting the turmoil of the revolution and civil war behind, looking ahead to an uncertain future marked by agrarian mismanagement and political infighting. In the famine years of the 1930s, life was hard, bread was scarce, meat almost nonexistent. Toys were, and always had been, universal—harmless and, in their own way, necessary. Enjoying the protection of a prominent Party member had its advantages. It was good for business when, inevitably, some comrades proved to be more equal than others.
Before long, Stalin’s isolationist policies made access to imports all but impossible, even for Party members. Official rhetoric worked hard to convince the people that desire for foreign goods was not only decadent but also dangerously unpatriotic. If domestic windup toys or music boxes did not perform as well as their Swiss or Austrian counterparts, blame fell on the perpetual shortage of quality materials and the collective failure to meet production standards. Roll up your sleeves, work harder, show the capitalist enemy what Soviet society can do, went the official line.
When World War II started, factories adapted. Die-cast cars became shell casings; real tanks took precedence over toy models. Undeterred, Zinaida Grigoryevna turned her attention to local artisans.
The toy shop was small, only a single room in one of the still-elegant prerevolutionary two-story houses that lined the main boulevard in Yalta’s business district. Convenient to all the resort attractions—the health spas, the beach, the guest cottages, and the once grand hotels—it continued, even in wartime, to attract a modestly reliable level of trade. The tourists were gone, naturally, but some people still had a little money, no matter how bad things were, and a few seemed to have quite a bit.
Unlike food and clothing, toys were not rationed. The Red Army had been good for business for a while. Now they were in retreat, replaced by homesick German occupation troops with time on their hands and money in their pockets.
“These figurines are well made,” Zinaida Grigoryevna told Ilya, fingering his menagerie of miniature carved bears, squirrels, rabbits, and foxes. “But the rag dolls, no. Tell your wife to sell them in the bazaar.”
Ilya gathered up the unwanted dolls, saying nothing about his young daughter’s, not his wife’s, painstaking work. Who cared about her little hoard of cloth scraps, pieces too small for any other purpose except maybe patchwork, which she did not enjoy doing? The child in her still wanted to play, to lose herself in a world of her own making, singing to herself while she shirred and gathered a bright bit of cloth into a traditional sarafan, adding a wide contrasting hem, pulling a colorful thread to use for embroidery.