13. Karamzin, p. 48.
14. Quoted from Afanas’ev, p. 131.
15. I. A. Krylov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov [Reminiscences of I. A. Krylov by his contemporaries] (Moscow, 1982), p. 242.
CHAPTER 5
Alexander I, Zhukovsky, and Young Pushkin
1. Andrei Zorin, Kormia dvuglavogo orla … Literatura i gosudartstvennaia ideologiia v Rossii v poslednei treti XVIII—pervoi treti XIX veka [Feeding the double-headed eagle … Literature and official ideology in Russia from the last third of the eighteenth century to the first third of the nineteenth] (Moscow, 2001), p. 269.
2. Ibid., p. 272.
3. Quoted from Russkie memuary. Izbrannye stranitsy. 1800–1825 gg. [Russian memoirs: Selected pages, 1800–1825] (Moscow, 1989), pp. 453, 471.
4. Quoted from Viktor Afanas’ev, Zhukovskii [Zhukovsky] (Moscow, 1986), p. 175.
5. Perepiska A. S. Pushkina. [Correspondence of A. S. Pushkin], in two volumes, vol. 1 (Moscow, 1982), p. 379.
6. A. S. Pushkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov [Reminiscences of A. S. Pushkin by his contemporaries], in two volumes, vol. 1 (Moscow, 1974), p. 77.
7. Ibid., p. 88.
8. Ibid., p. 91.
9. T. J. Binyon, Pushkin: A Biography (New York, 2002), p. 31.
10. B. Tomashevskii, Pushkin, vol. 2 (Moscow, 1990), p. 61.
11. Ibid., p. 11.
12. Quoted from N. Ia. Eidel’man, Tvoi XVIII vek. Prekrasen nash soiuz … [Your eighteenth century, How splendid is our union …] (Moscow, 1991).
13. Solomon Volkov, Dialogi s Iosifom Brodskim [Dialogues with Joseph Brodsky] (Moscow, 1998), p. 307.
14. Quoted from S. F. Platonov, Lektsii po russkoi istorii [Lectures on Russian history], p. 668.
15. Quoted from Rossiiskie samoderzhtsy. 1801–1917 [Russian tsars, 1801–1917] (Moscow, 1994), p. 75.
16. A. S. Pushkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov, vol. 2, p. 134.
17. Ibid., p. 98.
18. Ibid., p. 103.
19. Ibid., p. 208.
20. Ibid., pp. 221–22.
21. Quoted from Rossiiskie samoderzhtsy, p. 83.
22. See G. Vasilich, Imperator Aleksandr I i starets Fedor Kuz’mich [Emperor Alexander I and the elder Fedor Kuzmich] (Moscow, 1911); Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, Legenda o konchine imperatora Aleksandra I v Sibiri v obraze startsa Fedora Kuz’micha [Legend of the death of Alexander I in Siberia under the identity of the elder Fedor Kuzmich] (St. Petersburg, 1907); K. V. Kudriashov, Aleksandr I i taina Fedora Kuz’micha [Alexander I and the mystery of Fedor Kuzmich] (Petrograd, 1923); L. Liubimov, Taina imperatora Aleksandra I [Mystery of Emperor Alexander I] (Paris, 1938); N. Ia. Eidel’man, Iz potaennoi istorii Rossii XVIII–XIX vekov [From the secret history of Russia of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries] (Moscow, 1993); K. V. Chistov, Russkie narodnye sotsial’no-utopicheskie legendy XVII–XIX vv. [Russian popular utopian legends of the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries] (Moscow, 1967); Dva monarkha [Two monarchs] (Moscow, 1991); Aleksandr Arkhangel’skii, Aleksandr I [Alexander I] (Moscow, 2000).
CHAPTER 6
Nicholas I and Pushkin
1. Quoted from the collection 14 dekabria 1825 goda i ego istolkovateli [14 December 1825 and its exponents] (Moscow, 1994), p. 332.
2. Ibid., p. 336.
3. Perepiska A. S. Pushkina. [Correspondence of A. S. Pushkin], in two volumes, vol. 1 (Moscow, 1982), p. 112.
4. Quoted from Leonid Vyskochkov, Nikolai I [Nicholas I] (Moscow, 2003), p. 125.
5. Quoted from N. Eidel’man, Pushkin. Iz biografii i tvorchestva. 1826–1837 [Pushkin: From his biography and works, 1826–1837] (Moscow, 1987), p. 9.
6. Ibid., pp. 33, 35.
7. A. S. Pushkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov [Reminiscences of A. S. Pushkin by his contemporaries], in two volumes, vol. 2 (Moscow, 1974), p. 122.
8. Eidel’man, Pushkin, p. 62.
9. Ibid., p. 63.
10. On this, see Solomon Volkov, Shostakovich i Stalin: Khudozhnik i tsar’ (Moscow, 2004), pp. 59–79. English translation, Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator (New York, 2004).
11. A. V. Anikin, Muza i mamona. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie motivy u Pushkina [Muse and Mammon: Socioeconomic motifs in Pushkin] (Moscow, 1989), p. 180.
12. Perepiska Pushkina, vol. 2, p. 120.
13. N.I. Grech, Zapiski o moei zhizni [Notes on my life] (Moscow and Leningrad, 1930), p. 704.
14. Literaturnoe nasledstvo [Literary heritage], vols. 16–18 (Moscow, 1934), pp. 101, 105.
15. Pisateli-dekabristy v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov [Reminiscences of the Decembrist writers by their contemporaries], vol. 2 (Moscow, 1980), p. 247.
16. Iu. M. Lotman, Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Biografiia pisatelia [Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: Biography of a writer] (Leningrad, 1981), p. 135.
17. T. J. Binyon, Pushkin: A Biography (New York, 2002), p. 546.
18. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 40 (1999), p. 84.
19. Pushkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov, vol. 2, p. 192.
20. Anna Akhmatova, in conversation with the author.
21. Quoted from R. G. Skrynnikov, Pushkin. Taina gibeli [Pushkin: The mystery of his death] (St. Petersburg, 2005), p. 319.
22. Eidel’man, Pushkin, p. 400.
CHAPTER 7
Lermontov and Briullov
1. A. S. Pushkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov [Reminiscences of A. S. Pushkin by his contemporaries], in two volumes, vol. 1 (Moscow, 1974), p. 122.
2. Quoted from V. A. Zhukovskii—kritik [V. A. Zhukovsky, critic] (Moscow, 1985), p. 246.
3. Ibid., pp. 251–52.
4. See the collection Rossiiskie konservatory [Russian conservatives] (Moscow, 1997), p. 105; and the collection Kontekst—1989. Literaturno-teoreticheskie issledovaniia [Context 1989: Studies in literary theory] (Moscow, 1989), pp. 10, 38.
5. Aleksandr Vasil’evich Nikitenko, Zapiski i dnevnik [Notes and journal], in three volumes, vol. 1 (Moscow, 2004), p. 362.
6. M. Iu. Lermontov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov [Reminiscences of M. Iu. Lermontov by his contemporaries] (Moscow, 1989), p. 18.
7. Alla Marchenko, S podorozhnoi po kazennoi nadobnosti. Lermontov: Roman v dokumentakh i pis’makh [With travel papers on official business. Lermontov: The novel in documents and letters] (Moscow, 1984), p. 233.
8. M. Iu. Lermontov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov, p. 486.
9. Ibid.
10. See Emma Gershtein, Sud’ba Lermontova [Lermontov’s fate] (Moscow, 1964), p. 98.
11. Quoted from ibid., p. 101.
12. Ibid.
13. See M. Iu. Lermontov, Izbrannoe [Selected works] (Moscow, 1953), p. 11.
14. Quoted from Lermontov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov, pp. 342, 470.
15. Quoted from Gershtein, p. 112.
16. Ibid., p. 113.
17. Quoted from V. Turchin, Epokha romantizma v Rossii. Istoriia russkogo iskusstva pervoi treti XIX stoletiia. Ocherki [The Romantic era in Russia: A history of Russian art in the first third of the nineteenth century. Essays] (Moscow, 1981), p. 80.