, 19–21.
3
Polybius, 10.15.
4
Ennius, quoted by Cicero,
The Republic
, 5.1.
5
Livy, 40.5.
6
Cicero,
On the Agrarian Law
, 2.96.
7
Vitruvius,
The Ten Books on Architecture
, 6.1.10.
8
See in particular Cicero,
The Republic
, 2.10–11.
9
See Brunt,
Italian Manpower
, p. 618.
10
Horace,
Odes
, 3.29.12.
11
Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
Roman Antiquities
, 3.43.
12
Horace,
Epistles
, 2.2.72–5.
13
Strabo, 5.3.8.
14
Publilius Syrus, 31.
15
Livy, 4.4.
16
Sallust,
Catiline
, 1.7.
17
Polybius, 6.11.
18
Cicero,
In Defence of Plancius
, 11.
19
Cicero,
In Defence of Murena
, 36.
2: The Sibyl’s Curse
1
The Sibylline Oracles
, 3.464–9.
2
Ibid.
, 3.175–80.
3
Ibid.
, 184–8.
4
Ibid.
, 182–3.
5
Appian,
The Punic Wars
, 132.
6
Badian, in
Publicans and Sinners
, argues that the
publicani
were operating in Pergamum as early as 131 (p. 63). For a convincing refutation, see Gruen’s
The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome
, pp. 606–8.
7
1 Maccabees, 8.3.
8
See Hughes,
Pan’s Travail
, p. 127.
9
For the growth of the Roman money supply during this period, see Crawford,
Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic
, pp. 173–81.
10
According to Valerius Maximus, 9.2. The figures have been treated with some suspicion.
11
Sallust,
Histories
, 4, fragment 67. The words are unlikely to have been Mithridates’, but are invaluable all the same, as an indication of the Romans’ appreciation of the resentments of their foes.
12
Strabo, 5.4.2.
13
Diodorus Siculus, 37.15.
14
The theory is Luce’s (1970). For a counterview, see McGing,
Foreign Policy
, p.76.
3: Luck Be a Lady
1
Cicero,
On Duties
, 1.123.
2
Plutarch,
Sulla
, 8.
3
Appian, 1.58.
4
Valerius Maximus, 9.7.
5
Appian, 1.60.
6
Cicero,
Laws
, 1.53.
7
Livy, 31.44.
8
Posidonius, fragment 36.
9
Plutarch,
Sulla
, 13.
4: Return of the Native
1
Cicero,
On Duties
, 1.25.
2
Valerius Maximus, 6.2.
3
Velleius Paterculus, 2.26.
4
Plutarch,
Cato the Elder
, 16.
5
Valerius Maximus, 2.9.
6
Plutarch,
Sulla
, 30.
7
Lucan, 2.220.
8
Appian, 2.95.
9
Plutarch,
Sulla
, 31.
10
Sallust,
Catiline
, 51.34.
11
Appian, 1.99.
12
See Cicero,
Laws
, 3.23.
13
Cicero,
On the Ends of Good and Evil
, 5.2.
14
Appian, 1.103–4.
15
Plutarch,
Sulla
, 36.
16
Cicero,
To Atticus
, 9.10.
17
Appian, 1.106.
5: Fame Is the Spur
1
Lucretius, 5.222–5.
2
Cicero,
On the Ends of Good and Evil
, 5.55.
3
Cicero,
Tusculan Disputations
, 1.39.
4
Cicero,
On the Ends of Good and Evil
, 5.55.
5
Tacitus,
The Dialogue on Orators
, 28.
6
Polybius, 6.53.
7
Sallust,
The War against Jugurtha
, 4.5.
8
Cicero,
On Duties
, 1.139.
9
Suetonius,
The Deified Julius
, 56.
10
Plutarch,
Caesar
, 4.
11
Cicero,
Philippics
, 14.17.
12
Lucretius, 2.11–13.
13
Cicero,
Against Verres
, 2.5.180.
14
Cicero,
In Defence of Murena
, 16.
15
For instance, Cicero,
In Defence of Plancius
, 14–15.
16
Cicero,
On the Orator
, 1.197.
17
Cicero,
In Defence of Murena
, 29.
18
By Quintilian, 6.3.28.
19
Aulus Gellius, 1.5.
20
Cicero,
Brutus
, 313.
21
Cicero,
On Duties
, 1.87.
22
Posidonius, fragment 59.
23
Cicero,
Brutus
, 316.
24
Cicero,
In Defence of Plancius
, 66.
25
Cicero,
Against Verres
, 1.36.
26
Ibid.
, 1.47.
27
Ibid.
, 2.4.47.
28
Ibid.
, 2.3.207.
29
Quintus Cicero,
Electioneering Handbook
, 2. The authorship is hotly disputed. Even so, the insights that it provides into electioneering in the late Republic are such that, even if it is a fake, it remains invaluable as a glimpse into the mindset of a new man on the campaign trail.
30
Cicero,
Against Verres
, 2.4.69.
31
Cicero,
On Duties
, 1.109. The description refers to Sulla as well as Crassus.
32
Plutarch,
Crassus
, 7.
33
Seneca,
Letters
, 2.4.
34
Plutarch,
Pompey
, 14.
35
Cicero,
Tusculan Disputations
, 2.41.
36
Sallust,
Histories
, 3, fragment 66 (A).
37
Publilius Syrus, 337.
38
Orosius, 5.24.
39
Sallust,
Histories
, 3, fragment 66 (A).
40
Plutarch,
Crassus
, 12.
6: A Banquet of Carrion
1
Plutarch,
Lucullus
, 11.
2
Ibid.
, 27.
3