Brothers Karamazov 547
Brown R. 130
Bruce, J. 107, 118
Budennyi, S.M. 298, 387
budget 75, 111, 118, 159, 258, 261, 264, 335, 393, 408, 423, 454–6, 465, 471–3, 497–9, 507–8, 510–12, 525, 562
Bülffinger, G. 130
Bukharin, N. 311, 313–16, 318–19, 324–7, 344, 351, 362, 367, 549–50
Bulavin, K. 114–15, 543
Bulgakov, S. 266
Bulganin, N. 412, 422–3, 552
Bulgaria 393, 402
Bulgars 2, 4, 9, 12, 21, 42
Bullitt, W. 300
Bulygin Duma 254
Burdzhalov, E.N. 420
bureaucracy 38, 45, 61, 66, 71, 133, 200, 204, 208, 218–19, 227, 238, 241, 266, 272, 278, 293–4, 310, 342, 357, 360, 366, 412, 421–2, 509
Burke, E. 180
Burnt by the Sun 473
Bush, G.H.W. 473
Bush, G.W. 486, 515–7, 523, 559
Bushkovitch, P. 44
byvshie 303
Byzantium 2–4, 6–9, 22, 51, 58–9, 89, 133, 179
Cambridge University 130, 134
cameralism 109
capital flight 476–7, 499
capitalism 246–8, 292, 344, 360, 395, 484, 547
Cardis, Peace of, 86
Carlsbad 120
Carolingian court 52
Caspian Sea 32, 110, 123, 129, 156, 219, 394, 543
Cathedral of Annunciation 513
Cathedral of St Sophia 7–8
Cathedral of the Dormition 8, 22
Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin 32
Catherine I: 119, 123–6, 130, 134, 547
Catherine II (the Great) xiii, 85, 131–41, 149–51, 153–9, 161, 163–6, 168, 170, 172–3, 179, 190, 194, 544
Catholicism 27, 43, 68–9, 78, 85
Caucasus xi, 13–15, 151, 185, 195, 224, 256, 330, 349, 355, 381, 394, 440, 448, 462, 481, 486, 514, 551
cavalry 37–8, 46–7, 54, 67, 102, 116, 298, 346
censorship 165–6, 190, 193–4, 205, 212, 229, 231, 292, 413, 546–7
Central Asia 225, 244, 256, 299, 344, 346, 386, 412, 419, 438, 440, 442, 444, 448, 486–7, 521, 543, 546, 548, 555, 561
Central Committee 290, 294, 310–14, 349, 356–8, 368, 396–7, 406–10, 414–17, 420–2, 427, 434, 439, 459–60, 549
Central Powers 278
Central War Industries Committee 273
Centre for Strategic Development 493
CFE see Conventional Forces in Europe
Chaadaev, P.Ia. 191, 197, 545
Chancery of Secret Investigative Affairs 127
Charles I 82
Charles X: 186
Charles XII: 108, 110, 113–16
Charlotte of Wolfenbüttel 116
Charter to the Nobility 148, 190, 545
Charter to the Towns 138, 545
charters 41, 53, 88, 97, 116, 138, 148, 190, 517, 545; see also laws; statutes; manifestoes
Chebrikov, V. 457
Chechnya 486–7, 490–2, 503–5, 519, 554–8, 560
Cheka xix, 295, 297, 548, 557
Chekhov, A. 239
Cheliabinsk 387
Cheney, R. 516
Cheremisy 42
Cherkasskii, A. 128
Chernenko, K. 449, 451–2, 553
Chernigov 5, 8, 12–16, 18, 26, 76, 298
Chernobyl 456, 554
Chernomyrdin, V. 469, 555, 557
Chernov, V. 280, 285–6, 297
chernozem xix
Chernyshevskii, N.G. 225, 546
chetvert’ xix
Chicherin, B. 201
China 15, 20, 42, 46, 50, 79, 95–6, 98, 107, 127, 156, 158, 172, 251, 288, 313, 365, 368, 396–8, 402, 431, 445, 472, 478, 487, 498, 500, 512, 519, 545, 551, 556, 559
cholera 186, 238
Christian IV: 110
Chronicle of Current Events 446, 553
Chubais, A. 480, 556–7
Chudov Monastery 67
Church Council of 1551 (stoglav) 43
Church Council of 1666–67: 542
Church of Christ the Saviour 361
Church of Lazarus 35
Church of St Dmitrii 11
Church of the Dormition 12, 22, 25
Church of the Holy Virgin 7
Church of the Intercession 11–12
Church of the Intercession on the
Moat 57
Church of the Mother of God (Smolensk) 8
Church of the Tithe 7
Church of the Transfiguration of Our
Saviour 8
Churchill, Winston 300, 388–9
Chuvash 42, 151–2
CIA 418, 428, 457, 481
cinema 267, 336, 338, 351, 397, 473, 512
CIS: see Commonwealth of Independent States
city 4, 7–8, 13, 16, 26, 32, 37, 42, 61, 75, 83, 93, 120–1, 155–6, 159, 173, 177, 205, 210–14, 221–23, 255, 258, 267, 272, 274, 285, 287–8, 308, 314, 317, 328, 333, 335, 339, 346, 352–4, 358, 372, 374, 380–3, 409, 412, 423, 432, 441, 448, 457, 459, 467, 483, 486, 503, 507, 522, 540, 546–7, 560
city council 211, 221, 231–2
civil war 114, 278, 291–2, 295–302, 307–8, 323, 333, 335, 348, 370, 377–8, 394, 402, 471, 540, 548–9
Clinton, W. J. 485–6, 557
Clark, K. 357
class struggle 248, 302, 348, 367
clergy 6–9, 37–8, 43, 65, 82, 88, 92, 108, 110, 159–61, 212, 219–20, 252, 303, 336, 351, 353, 413, 432
colour revolutions 516
climate x-xi, 36
Cold War 342, 397–8, 400, 408, 466, 484
collective farm (kolkhoz) xx, 302, 341–4, 347, 350, 352, 362, 368, 386, 393, 431–3, 437, 444, 452, 550, 551
collective responsibility (krugovaia poruka) 76, 206, 332
Collective Security Treat (1992) 486
collectivization 314, 316–7, 326, 335, 337, 341, 347, 351, 353–4, 367, 417, 520, 550
College of the Economy 141
colonization xi, 35, 39, 119, 153, 477
Cominform xix
Comintern (Communist International) 318, 320, 361, 370; see also Third International
commerce 7, 14, 21–3, 33, 35, 47, 138–9, 142, 175, 209, 212
Commission on Religious
Questions 335
Committees of Public
Organizations 278
Commonwealth of Independent States
(CIS) xix, 477, 486, 554–5
commune 35, 37, 42, 46–7, 50–1, 54–5, 62, 140, 143, 205–6, 213–4, 217, 221, 226, 228, 236, 242, 247, 260, 285, 328–9, 359
communism 226, 290–1, 293, 300–3, 329, 355, 384, 391, 395, 407, 414, 425, 427, 451, 516
Communist Academy 334
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) xix, 308–9, 317, 319–20, 329, 341–3, 347, 355, 366, 391, 394, 414, 417–18, 428, 436, 459–61, 464–5, 467, 492, 502, 554–6, 558, 562
Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) xix, 554
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire 187, 545
Complex Method 334–5
Congress of Berlin, 230
Congress of People’s Deputies (CPD), xix, 459–61, 465, 554
Congress of Vienna 178
Conquest, R. 368
Constantine 124, 179
Constantinople 6, 10, 26, 27, 88, 108, 135–6, 280, 298, 540
Constituent Assembly 253, 255, 274, 277–9, 282, 290, 295–7, 548–9
constitution 126, 128, 136, 150, 169, 170–2, 180–3, 186, 192, 197, 230, 234, 246, 248–52, 254–8, 267, 302, 341–2, 361–2, 437, 439, 466–7, 470, 472, 485, 488–9, 492, 506–8, 521, 544, 549–50, 553–5, 562
constitutional monarchy 183, 267
constructivism 305, 338
Continental Blockade 174–5
continuous workweek 359
Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) 518, 562
Copenhagen 121
corporal punishment 110, 137–9, 148, 207, 548
corvée (barshchina) 148, 153–4, 155, 166, 172, 215, 545
Cossacks 34, 47, 51, 67, 72
Council of Ministers 409, 421–2
Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) 293, 314
Council of Seven Boyars 71–2
Council of the Realm (zemskii sobor) xxiii, 59, 65, 68, 71, 77, 79, 81, 108
Council of the Republic 290
counter-revolution 199, 227–8, 230, 233, 275, 288, 291, 293, 360, 369, 410, 416–8
Coup d’état of 3 June 1905 258, 267
Courland, duke of, 116, 125, 127
courts 8–9, 38–9, 82, 106, 150, 158, 181, 187, 206, 210, 212, 224, 232, 236, 255, 333, 421, 483