Rostov-Suzdal 5, 11
Rostovtsev, Ia.I. 546
Rowlandson, T. 136
Royal Society 107, 116
Rozanov, V.V. 265
RSFSR, 351, 395, 444
Rtishchev, F.M. 87
Rublev, A. 22
Rudder 51
Ruhr 313
‘Russia at the Turn of the
Millennium’ 493, 558
Russian Academy of Sciences see Academy of Sciences
Russian Ark 513
Russian Association of Proletarian
Writers 339, 356
Russian Federation xii, 411, 462, 464–5, 486, 495, 554, 560
Russian Orthodox Church xii-xiii, 6–9, 11–12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25–7, 32, 35, 37–40, 43–5, 52, 56–9, 61, 64–6, 68–9, 71, 78, 82, 85, 87–90, 92, 96, 98, 106, 119, 122–3, 136, 141, 156, 159–61, 165, 194, 210, 212, 214, 219–20, 223–4, 229, 278, 300, 328, 331, 333, 335–7, 350, 361, 388–9, 391, 413, 429, 513–14, 539, 541–2, 544, 546–7, 549, 551; see also clergy; monasteries
Russian Social Democratic Workers
Party (RSDWP) 242, 246, 253, 547
russification 132, 232, 448, 547
Russkaia Pravda 5, 51
Russo-Japanese War 249, 259, 548
Russo-Swedish War of 1741–3: 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1676–81: 542
Russo-Turkish War of 1736–9: 129, 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74: 157, 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92: 544
Russo-Turkish War of 1877–8: 230, 546
Ruthenia 402
Ruysch, F. 106
Rykov 314–5, 324, 362, 365, 550
Ryswick, Treaty of, 106
Sacred Book of the Werewolf 513
Sadaev, M. 561
St Basil’s Cathedral 57
St Cyril Monastery 35, 37
St Isaac’s Cathedral 133
St Petersburg 100, 109–111, 113, 115–16, 118–23, 126, 128–30, 133, 145, 147, 149, 151–3, 163–4, 169, 173, 182–3, 194, 196, 206, 219, 222, 226, 229–30, 232, 241–2, 245, 248, 250, 253, 255, 483, 490, 496, 502, 522, 543, 545–7, 561; see also Leningrad; Petrograd
St Petersburg Naval Academy 110, 543
St Petersburg University 182, 522, 545
Sajudis, 554
Sakharov, A.D. 447–8, 456, 553
SALT-I, 445, 553
SALT-II 445, 553
Saltykov 74
Samara 298
Samarin, Iu. 201, 223
samizdat 446–7
samobytnost’ 187, 200
samoderzhets 62
Samoedy 34
samotek 352
samovlastie 58
Sandomierz 67
Sapieha, J. 69
Sarai, 15, 17, 21, 23, 26, 28
Savigny, F.K. von 180
Saxony 106, 108, 115
Scandinavia 2–5, 539
Schmidt, G.F. 135
scholarship 46, 342–3, 408
schools, see education
Schütz, H. 87
Schwartz, J. 165
science 119–20, 225, 248, 330, 334, 336, 339, 357, 397, 403, 444
scientific revolution 117, 119
SCO see Shanghai Cooperation
Organization
Sea of Okhotsk 79
SD 249, 261, 269; see also Russian
Social Democratic Workers Party
Second All-Russian Congress of
Soviets 290, 292
Second Five-Year Plan 358, 550
Secret Chancellery 87
secret police 127, 183, 203, 391, 404, 410, 471, 490; see also KGB; NKVD;
Third Section
secretariat 310, 315
secularization of Church lands 141, 544
Security Council 469, 472, 485, 490, 502, 517, 556
Sejm 70–2, 75, 181
Selected Correspondence with Friends 192
Semen 19–20
Semen (Bekbulatovich) 541
Semipalatinsk 344, 438
Senate 71, 112, 130, 158, 1702, 176, 182, 185, 543
Serbia 129, 484
seredniak xxii, 302, 348
serf 94, 132, 137, 140–6, 148–9, 153–7, 166, 172–3, 181, 185, 188–91, 197–8, 202, 205–8, 210, 212, 218, 220, 235, 544–6
serfdom 81, 142, 146, 153, 155, 157, 164, 167, 170, 172, 182, 185, 188–9, 191–2, 197, 199–202, 204–5, 209, 216, 231, 236, 342, 546
Sermon on Law and Grace 8
Serpukhov 20–1, 78, 419
Sestroetsk 120
Sevastopol 419, 551, 557
Seven Years War 134, 544
Seventeenth Party Congress 358, 362, 364, 378, 550
Severia 76
Shafirov, P. 112
Shakhovskoi, S. 73
Shakhty Trial 315, 355, 550
Shaklovityi, F. 102
Shalamov, V. 393
Shanghai Five 487, 519, 556; see also Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 519, 561
Shaposhnikov, B.M. 387
shares-for-loans programme 437, 480
Sharutin 94
Shcharanskii, A. 553
Shcherbatov, M.M. 164
Shein, A. 104
Shein, M.B. 77
Shelepin, A.N. 433, 439
Sheremetev, B. 103, 105, 114–6
shestidesiatniki 452
Shevardnadze, E. 456, 553
‘shock therapy’ 358, 465, 475, 554
Shostakovich, D. 339, 397
Shuiskii, V. 66, 68–9; see also Vasilii (Shuiskii)
Shulgin, V.N. 339, 397
Siberia 32–5, 41, 45, 51, 53–4, 67, 78–9, 113, 125, 130, 150, 164, 176, 183, 185, 191, 193–4, 256, 297–8, 315, 344, 347, 352, 386, 393–4, 411, 419, 441, 468, 541, 544, 547, 557
Sicily 390
Siegelbaum L. 301
Silesia 156
siloviki 502
Simbirsk 84–5
Simonov Monastery 37
Siniavskii, A. 437–8, 553
Sit, Battle of, 14–15
Sixteenth Party Conference 356
Skavronska, M. 114, 126; see Catherine I
skhod 260
skomorokh 38
Skopin-Shuiskii, M.V. 70
Skrypnyk, M.A. 351
Skuratov, G. 65
Slansky, R. 402
Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy 97, 105
Slavophiles 191–2, 197, 201, 223, 241, 276
Slovakia 376
sluzhilye liudi po priboru 47
smallpox 126, 164
Smirdin, A. 192
Smirnov, A.P. 351
Smith, G.A.E. 441
Smith, S.A. 284
Smolensk 5, 12, 18, 28, 40–1, 48, 51, 67, 70–1, 76–8, 85, 98, 177, 368, 375, 540, 551
Smolensk Party Archive 365
smutnoe vremia 64
smychka xxii, 324
Sobchak, A. 490, 522
socialism 226, 243, 247, 281, 292, 294, 300–1, 307–9, 312, 316–19, 321–5, 327, 329, 341–3, 347, 360, 362, 367, 372–3, 414, 416, 425, 436–7, 549
‘socialism in one country’ 312, 318, 325, 549
socialist realism 413
Sofia 90, 94–8, 100–2, 105, 108, 539, 542
Sokurov, A. 513
soldiers 7, 77, 179, 181, 186, 252, 270, 273, 275, 277–8, 282, 285–6, 288, 300, 327, 337, 374, 376, 380–3, 385–6, 390, 392, 396, 510, 548
Solovetskii Monastery 35
Solovev, Ia.S. 202
Solovki 103; see also Solovetskii
Monastery
Solzhenitsyn, A. 239, 429, 447–8, 553
Sorokin, V. 513
Soros, G. 506
soslovie xxii
South Ossetia 520–1, 562
South Yemen 445
Soviet-Finnish War 551
Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, 371, 556
Soviet-Polish War 549
soviet 85, 149, 197, 200, 253, 255, 273, 275–81, 283, 285–96, 300–2, 305, 308–10, 312, 314, 317–23, 325, 327–39, 341–6, 347, 350, 352–64, 367–72, 374–8, 380–402, 404, 407–8, 412, 414, 417–20, 423, 426–30, 433, 435–40, 443–7, 449, 451–2, 454–8, 460–6, 470–2, 475–7, 479–82, 484, 486, 494–8, 505, 507, 512–3, 516, 518–21, 539, 548–9, 558
sovkhoz: see state farm
sovnarkhoz 393, 421–2, 433, 435, 552
Sovnarkom: see Council of People’s Commissars
Spanish Civil War 370, 377
Spaso-Prilutskii Monastery 35
‘specialist-baiting’ 295, 364
Spectator 164