A. M. Verner, The Crisis of Autocracy (Princeton, NJ, 1990), close analysis of the emperor and bureaucratic élite responses to the challenges of revolution.
T. H. Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (New York, 1963), classic account of Witte and his industrialization policies.
N. B. Weissman, Reform in Tsarist Russia (New Brunswick, NJ, 1981), on the problem of rebuilding a more effective system of local government.
A. L. Wildman, The Making of a Workers’ Revolution: Russian Social Democracy, 1891–1903 (Chicago, IL, 1967), on the relations between Marxist intellectuals and politicized workers.
R. E. Zelnik (ed.), Workers and Intelligentsia in Late Imperial Russia: Realities, Representations, Reflections (Berkeley, CA, 1999), valuable essays on worker-intelligentsia relations in the pre-revolution.
III. SOVIET HISTORY AND BEYOND
8. GENERAL HISTORIES AND MONOGRAPHS
K. E. Bailes, Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, NJ, 1978), path-breaking study of the Soviet technical intelligentsia.
J. S. Curtiss, The Russian Church and the Soviet State, 1917–50 (New York, 1953), balanced treatment of Soviet religious policies.
R. W. Davies et al. (eds.), The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945 (Cambridge, 1994).
J. Degras (ed.), Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy, 1917–41, 3 vols. (New York, 1978), important collection of documents.
M. Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1965), classic institutional and political history from pre-revolutionary roots to the Khrushchev era.
J. L. Gaddis, Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States (2nd edn., New York, 1990), good overview of Soviet–American relations.
W. Z. Goldman, Women, the State, and Revolution (Cambridge, 1993), on Soviet family policy from the revolution to the mid-1930s.
L. R. Graham, Science, Philosophy, and Human Behavior in the Soviet Union (New York, 1987), treats the impact of ideology on science.
T. Hasegawa, The Northern Territories Dispute and Russo-Japanese Relations, 2 vols. (Berkeley, CA, 1998), comprehensive account of the territorial dispute that has divided the two powers since the eighteenth century.
M. Heller and A. Nekrich, Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present, 2 vols. (New York, 1992), vigorously anti-Soviet émigré history, with fresh detail on many subjects.
G. A. Hosking, The First Socialist Society: A History of the Soviet Union from Within (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1993), excellent, well-informed account.
C. Kelly, Children’s World: Growing Up in Russia, 1890–1991 (New Haven, CT, 2007), on the history of children and adolescents in twentieth-century Russia.
P. Kenez, The Birth of the Propaganda State (Cambridge, 1985), insightful treatment of propaganda as critical instrument in early phase of Soviet state-building
———Cinema and Soviet Society (2nd edn., New York, 2001), reinterpretation of film and its impact, 1917–53.
M. Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System (New York, 1985), analysis by the doyen of the first generation of historians of the Soviet period.
M. McAuley Soviet Politics, 1917–1991 (rev. edn., Oxford, 1992), standard survey of political history.
———Russia since 1914 (Harlow, 1998), useful reference source with brief thematic entries as well as a detailed chronology, biographies, and statistics.
R. McNeal et al. (eds.), Resolutions and Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (5 vols., Toronto, 1974–82), basic set of translated official party resolutions.
M. E. Malia, The Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia, 1917–1991 (New York, 1994), lively, critical account of Soviet ideology and rule.
E. Mawdsley and S. White, The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev (Oxford, 2000), prosopography of the Central Committee from 1917 to 1991.
J. L. Nogee and R. H. Donaldson, Soviet Foreign Policy since World War II (4th edn., New York, 1992), authoritative, wide-ranging account of foreign policy.
A. Nove, An Economic History of the USSR, 1917–91 (3rd edn., Harmondsworth, 1992), standard, but dated, history of Soviet economy.
R. R. Reese, The Soviet Military Experience: A History of the Soviet Army, 1917–1991 (New York, 2000), history of the Soviet army and its development.
———Red Commanders: A Social History of the Soviet Army Officer Corps, 1918–1991 (Lawrence, Kan., 2005), profile of the Soviet military officers, but more in terms of organizational than social history.
W. G. Rosenberg (ed.), Bolshevik Visions, 2 vols. (Ann Arbor, MI, 1990), valuable collection of documents on the cultural revolution.
L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2nd edn., New York, 1971), full political history of the Soviet Communist Party.
R. Service, A History of Twentieth-Century Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), detailed survey, with emphasis on political history.
G. Simon, Nationalism and Policy towards the Nationalities in the Soviet Union (Boulder, Colo., 1991), systematic overview of Soviet nationality policies.
R. Stites, Revolutionary Dreams (New York, 1991), sweeping account of utopian vision in early Soviet culture.
R. G. Suny (ed.), The Cambridge History of Russia, iii: The Twentieth Century (Cambridge, 2006), collection of essays on key spheres of Soviet history.
A. Vatlin and L. Malashenko (eds.), Piggy Fox and the Sword of Revolution: Bolshevik Self-Portraits (New Haven, CT, 2006), caricature sketches by members of the Bolshevik élite in the 1920s-1930s.
D. Weiner, A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbachev (Berkeley, CA, 1999), environmentalism during the Soviet era.
9. RUSSIA IN WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1914–1921
E. Acton, Rethinking the Russian Revolution (London, 1990), critical analysis of historiography on 1917.
———V. Iu. Cherniaev, and W. G. Rosenberg (eds.), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921 (Bloomington, Ind., 1997), essays and guide to the revolutionary era.
P. Avrich, Kronstadt, 1921 (Princeton, NJ, 1991), standard account.
S. Badcock, Politics and the People in Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, 2007), well-researched attempt to explain the failure of the Provisional Government in 1917.
F. Benvenuti, The Bolsheviks and the Red Army, 1918–22 (Cambridge, 1988), on party-military relations.
R. P. Browder and A. Kerensky (eds.), The Russian Provisional Government, 1917: Documents, 3 vols. (Stanford, Calif., 1961), valuable but tendentious collection of documents.
E. N. Burdzhalov, Russia’s Second Revolution: The February 1917 Uprising in Petrograd (Bloomington, Ind., 1987), masterly account of the Petrograd revolution.