Chaadaev, P.Ia. 191, 197, 545
Chancery of Secret Investigative Affairs 127
Charles I 82
Charles X: 186
Charles XII: 108, 110, 113–16
Charlotte of Wolfenbüttel 116
Charter to the Nobility 148, 190, 545
Charter to the Towns 138, 545
charters 41, 53, 88, 97, 116, 138, 148, 190, 517, 545; see also laws; statutes; manifestoes
Chebrikov, V. 457
Chechnya 486–7, 490–2, 503–5, 519, 554–8, 560
Cheka xix, 295, 297, 548, 557
Chekhov, A. 239
Cheliabinsk 387
Cheney, R. 516
Cheremisy 42
Cherkasskii, A. 128
Chernenko, K. 449, 451–2, 553
Chernigov 5, 8, 12–16, 18, 26, 76, 298
Chernobyl 456, 554
Chernomyrdin, V. 469, 555, 557
Chernov, V. 280, 285–6, 297
chernozem xix
Chernyshevskii, N.G. 225, 546
chetvert’ xix
Chicherin, B. 201
China 15, 20, 42, 46, 50, 79, 95–6, 98, 107, 127, 156, 158, 172, 251, 288, 313, 365, 368, 396–8, 402, 431, 445, 472, 478, 487, 498, 500, 512, 519, 545, 551, 556, 559
cholera 186, 238
Christian IV: 110
Chronicle of Current Events 446, 553
Chubais, A. 480, 556–7
Chudov Monastery 67
Church Council of 1551 (stoglav) 43
Church Council of 1666–67: 542
Church of Christ the Saviour 361
Church of Lazarus 35
Church of St Dmitrii 11
Church of the Dormition 12, 22, 25
Church of the Holy Virgin 7
Church of the Intercession 11–12
Church of the Intercession on the
Moat 57
Church of the Mother of God (Smolensk) 8
Church of the Tithe 7
Church of the Transfiguration of Our
Saviour 8
Churchill, Winston 300, 388–9
Chuvash 42, 151–2
CIA 418, 428, 457, 481
cinema 267, 336, 338, 351, 397, 473, 512
CIS: see Commonwealth of Independent States
city 4, 7–8, 13, 16, 26, 32, 37, 42, 61, 75, 83, 93, 120–1, 155–6, 159, 173, 177, 205, 210–14, 221–23, 255, 258, 267, 272, 274, 285, 287–8, 308, 314, 317, 328, 333, 335, 339, 346, 352–4, 358, 372, 374, 380–3, 409, 412, 423, 432, 441, 448, 457, 459, 467, 483, 486, 503, 507, 522, 540, 546–7, 560
city council 211, 221, 231–2
civil war 114, 278, 291–2, 295–302, 307–8, 323, 333, 335, 348, 370, 377–8, 394, 402, 471, 540, 548–9
Clinton, W. J. 485–6, 557
Clark, K. 357
class struggle 248, 302, 348, 367
clergy 6–9, 37–8, 43, 65, 82, 88, 92, 108, 110, 159–61, 212, 219–20, 252, 303, 336, 351, 353, 413, 432
colour revolutions 516
climate x-xi, 36
Cold War 342, 397–8, 400, 408, 466, 484
collective farm (kolkhoz) xx, 302, 341–4, 347, 350, 352, 362, 368, 386, 393, 431–3, 437, 444, 452, 550, 551
collective responsibility (krugovaia poruka) 76, 206, 332
Collective Security Treat (1992) 486
collectivization 314, 316–7, 326, 335, 337, 341, 347, 351, 353–4, 367, 417, 520, 550
College of the Economy 141
colonization xi, 35, 39, 119, 153, 477
Cominform xix
Comintern (Communist International) 318, 320, 361, 370; see also Third International
commerce 7, 14, 21–3, 33, 35, 47, 138–9, 142, 175, 209, 212
Commission on Religious
Questions 335
Committees of Public
Organizations 278
Commonwealth of Independent States
(CIS) xix, 477, 486, 554–5
commune 35, 37, 42, 46–7, 50–1, 54–5, 62, 140, 143, 205–6, 213–4, 217, 221, 226, 228, 236, 242, 247, 260, 285, 328–9, 359
communism 226, 290–1, 293, 300–3, 329, 355, 384, 391, 395, 407, 414, 425, 427, 451, 516
Communist Academy 334
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) xix, 308–9, 317, 319–20, 329, 341–3, 347, 355, 366, 391, 394, 414, 417–18, 428, 436, 459–61, 464–5, 467, 492, 502, 554–6, 558, 562
Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) xix, 554
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire 187, 545
Complex Method 334–5
Congress of Berlin, 230
Congress of People’s Deputies (CPD), xix, 459–61, 465, 554
Congress of Vienna 178
Conquest, R. 368
Constantine 124, 179
Constantinople 6, 10, 26, 27, 88, 108, 135–6, 280, 298, 540
Constituent Assembly 253, 255, 274, 277–9, 282, 290, 295–7, 548–9
constitution 126, 128, 136, 150, 169, 170–2, 180–3, 186, 192, 197, 230, 234, 246, 248–52, 254–8, 267, 302, 341–2, 361–2, 437, 439, 466–7, 470, 472, 485, 488–9, 492, 506–8, 521, 544, 549–50, 553–5, 562
constitutional monarchy 183, 267
constructivism 305, 338
Continental Blockade 174–5
continuous workweek 359
Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) 518, 562
Copenhagen 121
corporal punishment 110, 137–9, 148, 207, 548
corvée (barshchina) 148, 153–4, 155, 166, 172, 215, 545
Cossacks 34, 47, 51, 67, 72
Council of Ministers 409, 421–2
Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) 293, 314
Council of Seven Boyars 71–2
Council of the Realm (zemskii sobor) xxiii, 59, 65, 68, 71, 77, 79, 81, 108
Council of the Republic 290
counter-revolution 199, 227–8, 230, 233, 275, 288, 291, 293, 360, 369, 410, 416–8
Coup d’état of 3 June 1905 258, 267
Courland, duke of, 116, 125, 127
courts 8–9, 38–9, 82, 106, 150, 158, 181, 187, 206, 210, 212, 224, 232, 236, 255, 333, 421, 483
Coyet, B. 78
CPU xix; see Congress of People’s Deputies
CPRF xix; see Communist Party of the Russian Federation
CPSU: see Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Cracow 68
Crawford summit 559
crime 39, 229, 328, 369, 396, 483
Crimea 28, 98, 103, 129, 151, 196, 203, 411, 463, 520
Crimean Tatars 41, 66
Crimean War xiv, 168, 188, 194–7, 199, 201, 211, 216, 224, 546
Cuba 428, 553
cubism 338
cultural revolution 116–7, 119, 145, 305, 316–7, 340, 354–8, 364, 550
currency 175, 195, 197, 303, 308, 322, 392, 400, 443, 455, 459, 497, 561
Cyprian, Metropolitan 26–7
Czartoryski, A. 170
Czech Action Programme 436
Czech Legion 297
Czech Republic 484, 517, 523, 557, 561–2
Czechoslovakia 370–1, 401–2, 438, 445, 552–3
D-Day 389
Dagestan 490
Daniel, Iu. 437–8, 553
Daniil of Galicia 16
Daniil Romanovich 16
Daniilovichi 18–20, 24–5, 28
danshchik 51
Danube 4, 15
Danzig 118
Dardanelles 398
Dargomyzhsky, A. 193
Dashkova, E. 173
Day in the Life of an Oprichnik 513
De Custine, Marquis 190
De Gelder, A. 106
De Maistre, J. 180
De-Stalinization 412–3, 417–20, 422, 428, 552
Deane, J. 107
decree, 55, 68–9, 81, 143, 146, 157, 163, 166–7, 170–1, 223, 229, 292–3, 301–2, 308, 330, 331, 335, 349, 354, 393, 412, 442, 468, 551; see also law; manifestoes; statutes
dedovshchina 472
deficit (budgetary) 75, 259, 407, 443–4, 454–5, 474, 525
defitsity (goods shortage) 430, 454, 459