Petrograd
‘Leningrad affair’ 404, 412, 414, 552
Leopold I 106
Lermontov, M. 190
Leslie, A. 77
Lesnaia 115
Lessons of October 312
Leszczyñski, S. 115–16
‘Letters from Afar’ 290
Leveling (uranilovka) 407
Levin, E. 43
Lewin, M. 345, 353, 367, 373
Liapunov, P. 72
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 502, 555
liberalism 182, 192, 208, 272, 279, 281, 411, 478, 496, 522
liberation movement 218, 221, 254
Liberman, E. 435
Life of St Peter 27
Lifland 172
Lincoln, W.B. 202
lishentsy xx, 303, 327
Literary Front 356
Lithuania 18, 22–4, 26, 28–30, 32–3, 39, 41, 51, 65, 67–71, 75, 78, 81, 83–5, 97–8, 103, 106, 151, 371, 375, 382, 395, 425, 432, 462, 484, 541–2, 554
Litvinenko, A. 561
Liubech 539
Livland 114, 135
Livonia 32, 41, 48, 53, 60, 64, 70, 86, 109, 541
Livonian War 41, 53, 60, 64, 541
loans 53, 55, 75, 83, 148, 245, 264, 454–5, 473–4, 478, 480, 487, 504, 525, 557
Locarno Pact 320
Lomonosov, M. 115, 130, 133, 162
London 85, 107, 388–9, 507
London Club 558
Lopukhina, E. 101
Loris-Melikov, M.T. 230–1
Lovat-Volkhov 1
lubok (wood-block) 143
Lukashenko, A. 521
Lunacharskii, A.V. 304
Luzhkov, Iu. 492
Lvov, 67
Lvov, Prince G. 276, 286
Lysenko, T.D. 397
Machine Tractor Stations 349, 351, 424, 431
Macmillan, H. 428
Madagascar, 119
Madrid Conference 557
Magnitogorsk 346, 352–3, 356, 361
Magnitskii, L. 109
Magnitskii, M. 182
Main Land Committee 279, 285
Makarii, Metropolitan 58
Makarov, A. 114
Malenkov, G. 398, 404, 409–13, 422, 424, 552
Malevich, K. 338
Malia, M. 283
Maloiaroslavets 178
Malta, knights of, 105
Mamai 23–4
Manchukuo 370
Manchuria 264, 383, 393, 551
Mandelshtam, O. 339
Mandelstam, N. 369
manifesto 92, 95, 109, 146–7, 157, 208, 231–2, 237, 255, 493, 495, 543–4, 546, 548
Manstein, F.E. 381
Mansy 34
manufaktura xx
Mao Tse-tung 396, 402–3
Mari 42
Maria Fedorovna 173
Markov, A. 414
Marquis of Carmarthen 107
marriage 8, 10, 17, 20, 32, 43–4, 49, 68, 87, 90, 101, 116–7, 121, 124, 143, 159, 213, 223, 305, 331–3, 543, 549
Marshall Plan 400
Martov, Iu. 548
Marx, K. 200, 253, 335, 413, 546
Marxism 242, 247, 266, 303, 305, 320–1, 357, 360, 414, 437–8
Marxism-Leninism, Institute of, 360, 437
Maryna, tsarina 70
Maskhadov, S. 556, 560
masonry, 165–6, 183
Matveev, A.S. 86, 90, 94–5, 100
Maxim, Metropolitan 18, 25–6
Maximilian of Habsburg 73
Maximilian II 49
May Day 305, 312
May Laws 256, 547
Mayakovsky, V. 339
Mazepa, I. 115, 119
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, duke of, 116, 128
medicine 115, 331, 374, 391
Mediterranean 31, 135
Medvedev, D. 520, 523–5, 562
Medvedev, R. 369, 489
Medvedev, S. 93, 97
Menatep Bank 473
Mennonites 153
Mensheviks 246–8, 263, 281, 284–5, 291, 296, 343, 548
Menshikov, A. 111–14, 116, 121–2, 124–5, 127, 543
mercantilism 32, 154
merchants 3, 5, 7, 37–8, 75, 77–8, 81–2, 86, 92, 102, 107–9, 113, 116, 135, 137–40, 155, 219, 221, 223–4
Merezhkovskii, D. 265
meshchane 138, 221; see also townspeople
meshochniki 303
mestnichestvo 49, 92, 147
Mexico 500
Meyerhold, V. 357
Mezen 34
Mezetskie 39
Michael, Tsar 73–5, 79, 89, 541
Michael Castle 166
Michael, Grand Duke 274
middle class 77, 170, 273, 481, 511
Middle East 195, 390, 517
middle peasant (seredniak) 302, 329, 348–9
Mikhail Iaroslavich 17
Mikhail of Chernigov 16
Mikhail of Tver 25
Mikhailovskii, N.K. 238–9
Mikhalkov, N. 512
military 3–5, 9, 11, 16–17, 19, 21–2, 30, 37, 42, 47, 49–50, 52, 57, 59–63, 66, 69–72, 75–8, 83, 86, 91–2, 95, 98, 103–4, 106–9, 111–12, 117–18, 124–5, 128–9, 135, 140, 144, 146, 156–7, 162, 166, 169, 171, 176, 181–2, 184, 191, 196–7, 200, 202, 208, 211, 216, 218, 222–4, 229, 232, 234, 244, 252, 254, 258–9, 261, 264, 265, 270–3, 277, 286, 288, 291, 293, 297, 299–300, 305, 307, 309, 319–21, 346, 347, 359, 364, 366, 369, 372, 375–81, 384–6, 388, 390, 394–5, 399–403, 408, 415, 417, 422–3, 428, 437, 445–6, 449, 452, 456–8, 463, 472, 484–5, 487, 489, 491–2, 494, 502–3, 507, 509–10, 515, 517–19, 523, 546, 555–62
Miliukov, P.N. 91, 250, 254, 266, 276, 280
Miliutin, N. 202
Millennium Manifesto 495
Miloslavskiis, 90, 92, 94, 96, 101, 105, 128
Miloševićc, S. 484
miners 263, 363, 554, 556–7
Minin, K. 72
Minor, The 164
minorities xii, 132, 151, 158, 199, 223–4, 232–3, 244, 252, 255–7, 261, 273, 277, 283, 330, 438, 446, 448–9, 465, 526
Minsk 86
mir 86
MMM stock fund 555
Mniszech, J. 67–8
Mniszech, M. 68, 70
modernism 265, 305
modernization 239, 443, 518
Mohyla, P. 78
Mohyla Academy 118
Moiseev, I. 362
Moldova 151, 520, 554
Molotov, V.M. 319, 345, 367, 379, 409–10, 414, 422, 426
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 379
monastery 8, 10, 21, 24, 26, 35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 56–7, 65, 67–8, 71, 76, 87, 89, 97–9, 102, 105, 108, 119, 122, 141, 159, 219, 223, 335, 337, 429, 539–40, 559
money 18, 76, 95, 151, 153, 155, 188, 216, 286, 300, 322, 392, 430, 454, 466, 474, 476, 479, 506
Monastery of the Cave 8, 10
Mongolia 14, 264
Mongols 13–18
Mons, A. 102
Mons, W. 124
Montesquieu, C.L. 175
Mordva 42
Morozov, B.I. 80–1
Mosalskie 39
Moscow 13, 16–19, 21–9, 31, 36–8, 40–1, 46, 48–52, 54, 57–9, 62, 65, 67–73, 75–81, 83–7, 91, 93–4, 96, 98–9, 102–3, 106, 115, 119, 121, 123, 126, 130, 138–9, 157, 161–3, 175, 177, 179, 196, 203, 206, 230, 240, 253, 255, 263, 272, 276, 287, 289, 293, 297, 300, 315, 317–18, 328, 352, 359, 361, 363, 367, 374, 375–6, 379–80, 383, 385–6, 389, 395–6, 401–2, 404–5, 410–13, 416, 418–19, 421–22, 426, 429, 432, 433–8, 440, 445–6, 452, 456–9, 461–4, 466, 480, 483–90, 492, 496, 499, 501, 504, 506–8, 513, 515–21, 523–24, 539–45, 554–5, 560–1
‘Moscow Consensus’ 499, 501
Moscow General Hospital and Surgical School 107
Moscow Metro 361, 363
Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation 109, 543
Moscow State University 396, 419, 452
Moscow University 162–3, 544
Moscow-Volga Canal 367
Mosfilm 473
Mozhaisk 20–2, 57
Mstislav Iziaslavich 11–12
Mstislavskie princes 39
MTS xxi; see Machine Tractor
Stations
Müller, G.F. 130
Multi-polarity 482
Munich Agreement 371
Münnich, B. von 127, 129
Murom 46
music 87, 103, 265, 339, 343, 397, 469, 494
Musketeers: see Streltsy