Pecherskii Monastery 539
Pechora 34
Peking 79
Pelevin, V. 513
pensions 425, 434, 437, 466, 481–2, 497, 502, 511–12, 525–6
People’s Deputies 459–61, 465, 554
People’s Rights Party 240
People’s Will 240, 246, 546
peredvizhniki 218
Pereiaslavl 5, 10, 12–14, 46, 57, 85
perestroika xxi, 435, 450–1, 457–61, 504, 513, 553–4
Perevolochna 116
Perm 34–5, 52
Perry, J. 107, 109
Persia 15, 129, 195
Peru 475, 478
Perun 6
pessimists 263
Peter and Paul Cathedral 123
Peter and Paul Fortress 114
Peter I (‘the Great’) xiii, 63, 78–9, 82, 90, 95, 98, 100, 112, 124, 126, 128–9, 131, 135, 141, 151, 155, 160, 174, 192, 238, 244, 543
Peter II 116, 125–6, 543–4
Peter III 132, 134, 141, 146–7, 149–50, 155–6, 544
Peter, Metropolitan 22, 25–6, 58
Peterhof 118
Petersburg soviet 253, 255
Peterson, A.M. 420
Petitions Chancery 57
Petrashevskii circle 193–4, 546
Petrograd 273–7, 279–80, 286, 288, 290–1, 293, 295, 298, 312, 348, 548
Petrograd soviet 275–7, 279–80, 290, 548
Petrovskoe 142
Photius, Metropolitan 29
Piatakov, G.L. 311, 365, 550
Pimen, Metropolitan 26
Pipes, R. 283
plague 53
Platonov 64, 80
Plehve, G. 250
Plekhanov, G. 547
Plenipotentiary (polpred) 508
Pobedonostsev, K.P. 230–1
Podgornyi, N.V. 434, 438
pogroms 256, 286, 303, 350, 432, 547–8
Poland 9, 14, 18, 59, 70, 72–7, 83–6, 98, 103, 105–6 116, 123, 135–6, 151, 174–5, 186, 195, 197, 224, 244, 256, 278, 296, 371, 378, 382, 402, 418, 449, 460, 484, 517, 523, 541–2, 544–5, 551, 557, 561–2
Poland-Lithuania 103, 106, 541–2
Poliane 3
Polianovka 78
Policeystaat 93
Polish constitution (1791) 136
Polish rebellion of 1830–1: 545
Polish rebellion of 1863: 224, 546
Polish sejm 72, 75, 181
Polish Succession, War of, 129, 544
Politburo 313, 315, 345, 349, 364–6, 404, 414, 418, 420, 435, 438–40, 446–8, 450, 452–3, 456–7, 459, 549–50
Politkovskaia, A. 505, 561
poll tax 124, 137–9, 142, 144, 154, 207, 221, 232, 547
Polotsk 4, 90, 93, 97
Polotskii, S. 90, 93, 97
Polovtsy 9–11, 13, 539
Polozkov, I. 554
Poltava 114–7, 121, 543, 547
Poltava 111
Pomerantsev, V. 413
pomest’e 46
Popular Front 361, 370
population xi, 7–9, 11, 22, 34–8, 54, 56, 58, 72, 79, 81, 91, 120, 129, 134, 136–9, 141–2, 144, 147, 151, 153–5, 158, 214, 221, 223, 237–8, 256, 308, 314, 328, 337, 343, 350, 352–4, 369, 380, 384–6, 390–1, 393, 395, 402, 406, 408, 416, 427–8, 430, 443–4, 460, 462, 464, 473, 481–3, 486, 497, 509, 511–16, 520–3
populism 226–8, 230, 238, 241, 246–7, 345, 366, 409–10, 414, 421, 427, 546
poruchnye zapisi 40
posad xxi, 37, 39, 47, 54
positivism 265
posluzhil’tsy 46
Pososhkov, I. 112
Postnikov, P. 105–7
Potanin, V. 469, 561
Potemkin, G. 135, 149
Potsdam Conference 393, 551
poverty line 425, 444, 481, 510
‘power ministries’ 502
Pozharskii, d. 72, 133, 541
Poznan 418
Pravda x, 349, 363, 409, 413, 415, 418, 431, 550
Predestinatsiia 108
Preobrazhenskii Bureau 105, 114, 126
Preobrazhenskii, E. 324–6
Preobrazhenskoe 87, 102, 104, 118
Presidential Council 461
presidential elections 491, 501, 507, 556, 558, 560
Presidium 410–11, 422, 435
price revolution 153, 155
prikaz xxi, 52, 77, 80
Primary Chronicle 3, 8, 27
‘primitive socialist accumulation’ 324
Prinkipo Conference 300
Primakov, E. 468–9, 492, 557
printing 78, 157, 162, 164, 194, 414
Pripet marshes 375, 382
Prisoner of the Mountains 473
privatization 465–6, 472–3, 475, 477, 479–80, 490, 504, 555–7
professions 60, 219–22, 235, 283, 356, 358–9, 363, 366, 403, 513
Progressive Bloc 271, 276, 548
Prokof’ev, S.S. 397
Prokopovich, Feofan 118, 123, 126, 159
Poletkult xxi, 304, 337
Promethianism 345
prostitution 327, 483
Protestantism 43, 126
provincial administration 158, 277, 544
Provisional Duma Committee 275
Provisional Government 274–81, 283–8, 290, 293, 297, 299, 301, 303, 548
Prussia 33, 106, 116, 123, 134–6, 174, 196, 382, 402
Pruth campaign 120, 543
Pskov 15, 32, 35, 40, 47–8, 51, 56, 82–3, 86, 540, 542
PSR see Party of Socialist
Revolutionaries
Public Chamber 560
publishing 117, 158, 163, 165, 437; see also newspapers;
printing
Pudovkin, V.I. 338, 397
Pugachev, E. 156–7
Pugachev Rebellion 132, 155–6, 158, 544
purges 341, 355–6, 360, 363–6, 369, 371–2, 377–8, 388, 402, 404; see also Great Terror
Pushkin, A.S. 66, 190, 192, 361
Putilov factory 251
Putin, V.V. xiv, 451, 471, 488, 527, 558–62
putsch (1991) 463–4, 554
Pyrmont 121
quitrent (obrok) 148, 153–4
rabfak xxi, 334
Rabonowitch, A. 286
Rabkrin xxi; see Workers’ and
Peasants’ Inspectorate
Radek, K. 365, 550
Radimichi 4
Radio Liberty 505
Radishchev, A.N. 164, 545
Raeff, M. 134
railways 196, 216, 253, 275, 353, 385
Rajk, L. 402
Rapallo, Treaty of, 320, 549
Rasputin, G. 267, 271, 548
rationalism 184
Razin, F. 83
Razin Rebellion 84, 89, 542
Razin, S. 84
raznochintsy 137
razriadnye knigi 50
re-kulakization 350
Reagan, R. 450, 457, 517, 553
realism 190–1, 265, 301, 413, 515
Red Army 289, 298, 300, 302–3, 327, 337, 354, 365, 371, 374, 377–83, 386, 392, 395–6, 550
Red Guards 288
Red Professors, Institute of, 334–5, 339
Red Scare 319
Red Square 72, 95–6, 118–198, 230, 312, 385, 438
redemption payments 207, 213, 215, 236, 259
reform 43, 61, 63, 76, 88, 91–3, 96, 100, 109, 126–7, 158, 161, 166, 168–73, 176–7, 179–90, 192, 194–7, 199–200, 209–20, 222–3, 225, 227–30, 233, 237, 240, 250, 254, 257–60, 262, 264, 278–80, 302, 310, 400, 405, 408–12, 415–16, 418, 420–2, 424, 427, 430, 432, 434–6, 442, 451, 461, 470, 479, 497, 507–8, 516, 541, 543, 545–9, 553–4, 558–9
Reformation 43, 45, 117, 119
refugees 272
rehabilitation 334, 359, 407, 415–18, 420, 552, 555
religion xi, 6, 117, 159, 161, 182, 191, 278, 306, 335, 337–8, 413, 446, 513;
see also Russian Orthodox Church
Renaissance 58, 101, 117–8, 489, 514
Repin, I. 223
Reporters without Borders, 505
Republic of Ishkeriia 556
Reserve Fund 455, 498, 562
Reval 86, 116
revolt 94, 150, 157, 184, 190, 227, 309, 358, 422, 509, 542–3, 545, 549; see also disorders; uprising