#[allow(...)], color models and enum
For pointers, a distinction needs to be made between destructuring and dereferencing as they are different concepts which are used differently from a language like C.
• Dereferencing uses *
• Destructuring uses &, ref, and ref mut
fn main() {
// Assign a reference of type `i32`. The `&` signifies there
// is a reference being assigned.
let reference = &4;
match reference {
// If `reference` is pattern matched against `&val`, it results
// in a comparison like:
// `&i32`
// `&val`
// ^ We see that if the matching `&`s are dropped, then the `i32`
// should be assigned to `val`.
&val => println!("Got a value via destructuring: {:?}", val),
}
// To avoid the `&`, you dereference before matching.
match *reference {
val => println!("Got a value via dereferencing: {:?}", val),
}
// What if you don't start with a reference? `reference` was a `&`
// because the right side was already a reference. This is not
// a reference because the right side is not one.
let _not_a_reference = 3;
// Rust provides `ref` for exactly this purpose. It modifies the
// assignment so that a reference is created for the element; this
// reference is assigned.
let ref _is_a_reference = 3;
// Accordingly, by defining 2 values without references, references
// can be retrieved via `ref` and `ref mut`.
let value = 5;
let mut mut_value = 6;
// Use `ref` keyword to create a reference.
match value {
ref r => println!("Got a reference to a value: {:?}", r),
}
// Use `ref mut` similarly.
match mut_value {
ref mut m => {
// Got a reference. Gotta dereference it before we can
// add anything to it.
*m += 10;
println!("We added 10. `mut_value`: {:?}", m);
},
}
}
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Similarly, a struct can be destructured as shown:
fn main() {
struct Foo {
x: (u32, u32),
y: u32,
}
// Try changing the values in the struct to see what happens
let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };
match foo {
Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!("First of x is 1, b = {}, y = {} ", b, y),
// you can destructure structs and rename the variables,
// the order is not important
Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!("y is 2, i = {:?}", i),
// and you can also ignore some variables:
Foo { y, .. } => println!("y = {}, we don't care about x", y),
// this will give an error: pattern does not mention field `x`
//Foo { y } => println!("y = {}", y),
}
}
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A match guard can be added to filter the arm.
fn main() {
let pair = (2, -2);
// TODO ^ Try different values for `pair`
println!("Tell me about {:?}", pair);
match pair {
(x, y) if x == y => println!("These are twins"),
// The ^ `if condition` part is a guard
(x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!("Antimatter, kaboom!"),
(x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!("The first one is odd"),
_ => println!("No correlation..."),
}
}
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