22. Adam Liptak, “Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations’,” New York Times, April 23, 2008.
23. Glenn Reynolds, “A Rifle in Every Pot,” New York Times, January 16, 2007.
24. Mayors Against Illegal Guns, “Tiahrt Amendment Facts,” Protectpolice.org, 2009, http://protectpolice.org/facts.
25. See Mayors Against Illegal Guns, “Statement by Mayors against Illegal Guns Co-Chairs on Obama Administration’s Reform of the Tiahrt Amendments,” May 7, 2009, http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/media-center/pr003-09.shtml.
3. INFORMANTS
1. The author interviewed Fletcher many times by mail and telephone and read hundreds of pages of documents from his original trial and subsequent appeals. See also the Free Anthony Fletcher website, http://freeanthonyfletcher.com/index.html.
2. Ken Armstrong and Steve Mills, “Ryan: ‘Until I Can Be Sure,’” Chicago Tribune, February 1, 2000.
3. Tina Rosenberg, “The Deadliest D.A.,” New York Times, July 16, 1995.
4. Lindsey Devers, Plea and Charge Bargaining: Research Summary (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance, January 24, 2011), https://www.bja.gov/Publications/PleaBargainingResearchSummary.pdf.
5. “Declaration of Hydow Park, M.D. in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania,” Nos. 6001, 6003, and 6004, June 7, 2001, http://freeanthonyfletcher.com/drpark.html.
6. Rothmiller was coauthor of my first book, L.A. Secret Police: Inside the LAPD Elite Spy Network (New York: Pocket Books, 1992).
7. Ibid.
8. Barbara Dougan, quoted in “Rough Justice in America: Too Many Laws, Too Many Prisoners,” Economist, January 22, 2010.
9. The facts of Ealy’s case are extensively documented in a FAMM document that can be found at http://www.famm.org/Repository/Files/FGfall09FINAL.pdf
10. Jack Dolan, “Judge Overturns Murder Conviction in 1994 Slaying,” Los Angeles Times, October 1, 2011. Also see Beth Schwartzapfel, “No Country for Innocent Men,” Mother Jones, January–February 2012, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/12/tim-cole-rick-perry.
11. Innocence Project, “Informants,” Understand the Causes, accessed February 15, 2012, http://www.innocenceproject.org/understand/Snitches-Informants.php. Also see Raymond Bonner, “When Innocence Isn’t Enough,” New York Times, March 2, 2012.
12. Covered in scores of articles in the Boston Herald, the New York Times, and, after Bulger was captured, the Los Angeles Times. Also see Robert Fitzpatrick, Betrayaclass="underline" Whitey Bulger and the FBI Agent Who Fought to Bring Him Down, with Jon Land (New York: Forge Books, 2012).
4. THE WAR ON DRUGS (AND REASON)
1. All quotations in this chapter by Ms. Reavey are from the author’s interviews with her.
2. The author attended federal hearings for James Allen and interviewed him on multiple occasions over a period of many years, beginning in 1998. We remain friends.
3. The repeated practice of snaring and punishing small fry, not kingpins, is documented in Global Commission on Drug Policy, War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy (Rio de Janeiro, June 2011), http://www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/wp-content/themes/gcdp_v1/pdf/Global_Commission_Report_English.pdf; and Jacob G. Hornberger, “Drug War Sentencing Injustice,” Hornberger’s Blog, May 31, 2012, http://fff.org/2012/05/31/28468/.
4. Valencia interview, August and September 2011.
5. Global Commission on Drug Policy, War on Drugs.
6. “‘Global War on Drugs Has Failed,’ Key Panel Says,” NBC News, June 2, 2011, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/43248071/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/#.UUjN8BeG2So.
7. Jimmy Carter, “Call Off the Global Drug War,” New York Times, June 16, 2011.
8. Ginnie Graham, “Mom of 4 Reflects on First Year in Prison for $31 Pot Sale,” Tulsa World, December 26, 2011.
9. Cary Aspinwall, “Patricia Spottedcrow Paroled Early in 12-year Sentence for $31 Bag of Marijuana,” Tulsa World, November 30, 2012.
10. FAMM, “Michelle Collette,” Faces of FAMM: Success Stories, accessed February 24, 2011, http://www.famm.org/facesoffamm/SuccessStories/MichelleCollette.aspx.
11. Carter, “Call Off the Global Drug War.”
12. Breaking the Taboo, produced by Sam Branson (London: Sundog Pictures/Spray Filmes, 2011).
13. Inimai Chettiar, “Just What Is So Wrong with the War on Drugs?” Blog of Rights, June 14, 2011, http://www.aclu.org/blog/criminal-law-reform/just-what-so-wrong-war-drugs.
14. Nathan Miller, telephone conversations and e-mail exchanges with the author during September 2011.
15. Keith Richards, Life, with James Fox (New York: Little, Brown, 2010).
16. See Ian Carr, Miles Davis: The Definitive Biography (Boston: De Capo Press, 2006).
17. See Steven J. Lee, Overcoming Crystal Meth Addiction: An Essential Guide to Getting Clean (Boston: De Capo Press, 2006); and Sterling Brasswell, American Meth: A History of the Methamphetamine Epidemic in America (Bloomington: iUniverse, 2006).
18. Jack Cole, “The War on Drugs,” Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP), April 6, 2011, http://www.leap.cc/the-war-on-drugs/.
19. Jonathan P. Caulkins, Susan S. Everingham, James Chiesa, and Shawn Bushway, The Benefits and Costs of Drug Use Prevention: Clarifying a Cloudy Issue (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999).
20. See Norm Stamper, Breaking Rank: A Top Cop’s Exposé of the Dark Side of American Policing (New York: Nation Books, 2005).
21. LEAP, “On 40th Anniversary of ‘War on Drugs,’ Cops Release Report Showing Its Failure,” news release, June 14, 2011, http://www.leap.cc/40years/.
22. Ryan Grim, “Watch: DOJ Official Blows Cover off Patriot Act,” Huffington Post, November 23, 2009, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/23/watch-doj-official-blows_n_296209.html.