11. PRISON PRIVATEERS AND JAILING FOR CASH
1. Alan Greenspan, The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World (New York: Penguin, 2008).
2. See Frances Fox Piven, Who’s Afraid of Frances Fox Piven? The Essential Writings of the Professor Glenn Beck Loves to Hate (New York: New Press, 2011).
3. Patrick Russell, interview with the author, October 6, 2011.
4. More than half of the many people I’ve spoken to who’ve taken collect calls from inmates via Global Tel Link, including lawyers, complained of technical problems or prices. I’ve also experienced problems myself.
5. “Corrections Corporation of America (CXW),” Yahoo! Finance, http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=cxw&ql=1.
6. Corrections Corporation of America, “About CCA,” 2008, http://www.cca.com/about/.
7. Andy Obermueller, “Strapped States Are Bullish for Private Prisons,” Forbes, March 18, 2010.
8. Ibid.
9. Chris Kirkham, “Private Prison Corporation Offers Cash in Exchange for State Prisons,” Huffington Post, February 14, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/14/private-prisons-buying-state-prisons_n_1272143.html.
10. Office of Governor Frank Keating, “Governor Declares Prison Emergency,” news release, undated, http://www.ok.gov/osfdocs/nr6-13a.html.
11. Tom Lindley, “Oklahoma Lawmakers Seek to Strike Budget Balance for Prisons,” Oklahoma Watch, December 9, 2010.
12. Tom Lindley, “Packed Oklahoma Prisons, Rising Costs,” Oklahoma Watch, December 4, 2010.
13. See ALEC’s own detailed website, http://www.alec.org.
14. See ibid.; and ALEC Exposed home page, http://www.alecexposed.org/wiki/ALEC_Exposed.
15. “A Plan to Reduce Prison overcrowding and Violent Crime’Conditional Post-Conviction Release Bond Act,’” undated ALEC report, http://www.americanbailcoalition.com/documents/ALEC_State_Factor_Prison_Overcrowding.pdf.
16. Steve Yoder, “The Prisoner’s Dilemma,” American Prospect, March 14, 2011.
17. “A Plan to Reduce Prison Overcrowding.”
18. Kirkham, “Private Prison Corporation Offers Cash.”
19. James Austin and Garry Coventry, Emerging Issues on Private Prisons (Washington, DC: U.S. Justice Department, February 2001).
20. Ibid.
21. K. C. Carceral, Prison, Inc.: A Convict Exposes Life Inside a Private Prison, ed. Thomas J. Bernard (New York: New York University Press, 2005) cites Bernard’s study.
22. Kirkham, “Private Prison Corporation Offers Cash.”
23. American Civil Liberties Union, Banking on Bondage: Private Prisons and Mass Incarceration (New York, November 2011), www.aclu.org/files/assets/bankingonbondage_20111102.pdf.
24. Mark Niquette, “Ohio Selling Its Lake Erie Prison to CCA, Hiring Company to Run Two Others,” Bloomberg News, September 1, 2011.
25. William Bales et al., Recidivism: An Analysis of Public and Private State Prison Releases in Florida (Tallahassee: Florida State University, Florida Department of Corrections, Correctional Privatization Commission, December 2003).
26. 2008 study cited in Private Corrections Institute Inc., “Quick Facts about Prison Privatization,” fact sheet, 2009, http://www.privateci.org/private_pics/Private%20prison%20fact%20sheet%202009.pdf.
27. Paul Wright et al., “Deconstructing Gus: A Former CCA Prisoner Takes On, and Takes Down, CCA’s Top Lawyer,” Prison Legal News, March 2009.
28. Richard P. Seiter, Private Corrections: A Review of the Issues (Nashville, TN: Corrections Corporation of America, March 2008), http://www.cca.com/static/assets/Private_Corr_Review_of_Issues.pdf.
29. Richard A. Oppel Jr., “Private Prison Prisons Found to Offer Little in Savings,” New York Times, March 18, 2011; and Davis Shapiro, “For-Profit Prisons: A Barrier to Serious Criminal Justice Reform,” CNBC, October 12, 2011, http://www.cnbc.com/id/44874053/ForProfit_Prisons_A_Barrier_to_Serious_Criminal_Justice_Reform.
30. Oppel, “Private Prison Prisons Found to Offer Little in Savings.”
31. Russ Van Vleet and Steve Owen, quoted in Oppel, “Private Prison Prisons Found to Offer Little in Savings.”
32. Leonard C. Gilroy et al., Public-Private Partnerships for Corrections in California: Bridging the Gap between Crisis and Reform (Los Angeles: Reason Foundation, April 2010), http://reason.org/news/show/private-prisons-california-budget.
33. Miller interviews.
34. U.S. Department of Justice Federal Prison System FY 2012 Performance Budget, http://www.justice.gov/jmd/2012justification/pdf/fy12-bop-se-justification.pdf.
12. CAPTIVE EMPLOYEES
1. Elaine Woo, “Sofia Cosma Dies at 96; Concert Pianist and Prison Camp Survivor,” Los Angeles Times, February 22, 2011.
2. Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture, “Resisting the Prison Industrial Complex,” State University of New York–Binghamton, http://cpic.binghamton.edu/resisting.html.
3. Unicor, “Call Centers,” http://www.unicor.gov/services/contact_helpdesk/.
4. Caroline Winter, “What Do Prisoners Make for Victoria’s Secret?” Mother Jones, July–August 2008.
5. For a comprehensive history of post–Civil War convict labor, see Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (New York: Anchor Books, 2008). Also see David M. Oshinsky, Worse than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice (New York: Free Press, 1996).
6. Details of the Tabert tragedy are from Roy J. Harris Jr., Pulitzer’s Gold: Behind the Prize for Public Service Journalism (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2010).
7. Gordon Lafer, “Captive Labor,” American Prospect, December 19, 2001, http://prospect.org/article/captive-labor.