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24. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography, p. 484.

25. The foregoing biographical information was given by Alya Solzhenitsyn in answer to questions from the author.

26. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Invisible Allies (Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995), pp. 198-200.

27. D. M. Thomas, Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life (London: Little, Brown and Co., 1998), p. 340.

28. Solzhenitsyn, Invisible Allies, pp. 198-99.

29. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography, p. 661.

30. Ibid, p. 642.

Chapter Thirteen

1. Leopold Labedz, Solzhenitsyn: A Documentary Record, 2nd ed. (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1974), pp. 181, 215.

2. Ibid., p. 217.

3. Ibid., p. 218.

4. Ibid., p. 220.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid., p. 221.

7. Ibid., pp. 222-23.

8. Ibid., p. 223.

9. Ibid., p. 237.

10. Soviet Weekly, Oct. 17, 1970.

11. Komsomolskaya Pravda, Oct. 17, 1970.

12. Labedz, Solzhenitsyn: A Documentary Record, p. 244.

13. Humanité, Oct. 9, 1970.

14. L’Unita, Oct. 9, 1970.

15. New York Times, Nov. 16, 1970.

16. New York Times, Dec. I, 1970.

17. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture (New York: Stenvalley Press, 1972), pp. 5-6.

18. Quoted in Niels C. Nielsen, Solzhenitsyn’s Religion (London: Mowbray, 1976), p. 135.

19. Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture, p. 19.

20. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, interview with the author, July 20, 1998, Moscow.

21. Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture, p. 19.

22. Solzhenitsyn, interview.

Chapter Fourteen

1. Leopold Labedz, Solzhenitsyn: A Documentary Record, 2nd ed. (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1974), pp. 270-71.

2. The Times, Mar. 5, 1976.

3. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf (London: Collins & Harvill Press, 1980), p. 327.

4. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Invisible Allies (Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995), p. 130.

5. Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf, p. 327.

6. Ibid., p. 330.

7. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, A Lenten Letter to Pimen, Patriarch of All Russia (Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing, 1972), p. 5.

8. Ibid., p. 8.

9. Quoted in Michael Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography (London: Hutchinson, 1985), pp. 768-69.

10. Quoted in Edward E. Ericson, Jr., Solzhenitsyn: The Moral Vision (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1980), p. 4.

11. Ibid.

12. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography, p. 769.

13. Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf, p. 332.

14. Washington Post, Apr. 21, 1992.

15. Ibid.

16. Ibid.

17. Sovershenno Sekretno (1992), no. 4.

18. Oleg Kalugin, The First Directorate (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994), p. 180.

19. New York Times, May 15, 1997, http://nytimes.com.

20. Edward E. Ericson, Jr., and Alexis Klimoff, The Soul and Barbed Wire (Wilmington, Del.: ISI Books), 2008, p. 27.

21. Labedz, Solzhenitsyn: A Documentary Record, pp. 267-68.

22. Ibid., p. 268.

23. Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf, pp. 363-66.

24. Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography, p. 819.

25. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Letter to Soviet Leaders (London: Index on Censorship, 1974), p. 20.

26. Ibid., p. 21.

27. Ibid., p. 26.

28. Ibid., p. 35.

29. Ibid., p. 37.

30. Ibid., pp. 37-38.

31. Ibid., pp. 56-57.

32. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, interview with the author, July 20, 1998, Moscow.

33. Alexander Solzhenitsyn et al., From under the Rubble (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Co., 1975), p. 15.

34. Ibid., p. 19.

35. Ibid., p. 21.

36. Ibid., pp. 21-22.

37. Ibid., p. 23.

38. Ibid., pp. 24-25.

39. Solzhenitsyn, interview.

40. Solzhenitsyn et al., From under the Rubble, p. 120.

41. Ibid., pp. 120-21.

42. Ibid., pp. 136-37.

43. Solzhenitsyn, interview.

44. Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf, p. 379.

Chapter Fifteen

1. Pravda, Jan. 14, 1974.

2. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf (London: Collins & Harvill Press, 1980), p. 531.

3. Leopold Labedz, Solzhenitsyn: A Documentary Record, 2nd ed. (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1974), p. 362.

4. New York Times, Jan. 15, 1974.

5. Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf, p. 538.

6. New York Times, Mar. 28, 1974.

7. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Lenin in Zurich (London: The Bodley Head, 1976), p. 223.

8. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, interview with the author, July 20, 1998, Moscow.

9. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, vol. 1 (London: Book Club Associates, 1974), p. 475.

10. Michael Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography (London: Hutchinson, 1985), p. 883.

11. Ibid.

12. Quoted in D. M. Thomas, Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life, (London: Little, Brown and Co., 1998), p. 446.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid.

16. Niels C. Nielsen, Solzhenitsyn’s Religion (London: Mowbray, 1976), p. 144.

17. Ibid., pp. 154-55.

18. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Detente: Prospects for Democracy and Dictatorship (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1977), pp. 37, 36.

19. Thomas, Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life, p. 433.

20. Ibid.

21. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Warning to the Western World (Mar. 1, 1976), transcript of interview on Panorama, BBC Television (London: The Bodley Head & BBC, 1976), p. 8.

22. Ibid., p. 9.

23. Ibid., p. 12.

24. Quoted in Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography, p. 946.

25. Ibid., p. 947.

26. Ibid.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid., p. 948.

29. Ibid.

Chapter Sixteen

1. The Times, Mar. 25 and 31, 1976.

2. Solzhenitsyn in Exile: Critical Essays and Documentary Materials, ed. John B. Dunlop, Richard S. Haugh, and Michael Nicholson (Stanford: Hoover Institute Press, 1985), p. 262.

3. The Times, May 1, 1976.

4. The Times, Apr. 4, 1977.

5. The Times, July 26, 1977.

6. The Times, Nov. 18, 1977.