90. Nikita Khrushchev, telegram to Oliver Powers. Powers Family Archives.
91. Peter Hahn, “Wealthy Immigrant Pays Tab for Trip of Powers Family,” Boston Globe, August 18, 1960, p. 4.
92. Baugh, manuscript.
93. Hahn, “Wealthy Immigrant”.”
94. Associated Press, “Moscow Says Trial Indicts U.S.,” New York Times, p. 11.
95. Richmond Times-Dispatch, August 7, 1960.
96. Seymour Topping, “U-2 Pilot’s Father Pleads for Khrushchev Sympathy,” New York Times, August 14, 1960, p. 1.
97. May Day Incident, p. 31.
98. “U.S. Issues Statement,” New York Times, August 10, 1960.
99. New York Times, August 12, 1960.
100. Ibid.
101. May Day Incident, p. 26.
102. Ibid., p. 27.
103. Jason Caffrey, “Gary Powers: The U-2 Spy Pilot the U.S. Did Not Love,” BBC World Service, January 3, 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35064221.
104. Associated Press, “Pilot Calls Treatment Better than Expected,” New York Times, August 18, 1960, p. 23.
105. Excerpts from trial transcript, New York Times, August 18, 1960.
106. Ibid.
107. Unnamed correspondent, “Two Soviet Witnesses Are Questioned by Powers,” New York Times, August 19, 1960, p. 4.
108. Ibid.
109. Ibid.
110. Ibid.
111. Associated Press, “Washington ‘Pilliored,’” New York Times, August 18, 1960, p. 16.
112. Ibid.
113. Ibid.
114. Trial transcript.
115. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight, p. 154.
116. Associated Press, “Powers’ Soviet Lawyer Sees Hope for Leniency,” New York Times, August 19, 1960, p. 4.
117. Beschloss, Mayday, reprinting of FBI file, p. 331.
118. Trial transcript.
119. Beschloss, Mayday, p. 334.
120. Trial transcript.
121. Baugh, manuscript.
122. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight, p. 158.
123. Seymour Topping, “U.S. Pilot Rejects Attacks on U.S.,” New York Times, August 20, 1960, p. 1.
124. William J. Jorden, “President Voices Regret at Ruling,” New York Times, August 19, 1960, p. 1.
125. Baugh, manuscript.
CHAPTER FOUR: REPATRIATED
1. Francis Gary Powers and Curt Gentry, Operation Overflight: A Memoir of the U-2 Incident (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1970), p. 232.
2. Personal tapes of Francis Gary Powers, 1969.
3. Ibid.
4. Associated Press, Atlanta Constitution, February 6, 1962.
5. Nikita Khrushchev, Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, vol. 3, ed. Sergei Khrushchev (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, Thomas J. Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, 2013), p. 293–94.
6. Michael R. Beschloss, Mayday: Eisenhower, Khrushchev, and the U-2 Affair (New York: Harper & Row, 1986), p. 302.
7. Michael R. Beschloss, The Crisis Years (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), p. 35.
8. Ibid., p. 36.
9. Dario Leone, “55th Wing RB-47 Co-Pilot Shot Down and Imprisoned by Soviets Will Be Buried in Arlington National Cemetery,” Aviation Geek Club, July 26, 2017, https://theaviationgeekclub.com/55th-wing-rb-47-co-pilot-shot-imprisoned-soviets-will-buried-arlington-national-cemetery/.
10. Adam Taylor, “This Kremlin Leader Bragged about Tipping a U.S. Presidential Election,” Washington Post, January 6, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/06/this-kremlin-leader-bragged-about-tipping-a-u-s-presidential-election/?utm_term=.4133a24956ea.
11. David Lawrence, “Khrushchev Believes Kennedy Victory Represents Apology for U-2 Incident,” LaCrosse (Wisconsin) Tribune/New York Herald Tribune syndicate, January 4, 1961, p. 6.
12. Powers tapes.
13. Ibid.
14. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight, p. 235.
15. Unnamed staff, “Powers, in Letter from Soviet, ‘Sure’ U-2 Itself Did Not Explode,” New York Times, September 27, 1960, p. 1.
16. Francis G. Powers, letter to the editor, New York Times, September 27, 1960.
17. Beschloss, Mayday, p. 356.
18. Unnamed contributor, “Dr. James B. Donovan, 53, Dies; Lawyer Arranged Spy Exchange,” New York Times, January 20, 1970, p. 43.
19. James B. Donovan, Strangers on a Bridge (New York: Atheneum, 1964), p. 264–65.
20. Garrett Epps, “The Real Case Behind Bridge of Spies,” Atlantic, November 17, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/abel-bridge-of-spies/416325/.
21. Oliver Powers, letter to Rudolf Abel, June 2, 1960. Powers Family Archives.
22. Powers tapes.
23. Jeff Gammage, “Swarthmore Prof Was Snared in ‘Bridge of Spies’ Case,” Philadelphia Inquirer, October 25, 2015, http://www.philly.com/philly/education/20151025_Swarthmore_prof_was_snared_in__Bridge_of_Spies__case.html.
24. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight.
25. Powers tapes.
26. Washington Daily News, February 10, 1962.
27. Peter Braestrup, “U-2 Pilot Is Reunited with Parents under Extreme Security,” New York Times, February 11, 1962, p. 1.
28. Associated Press, “Predawn Telephone Calls Bring Powerses Surprising, Good News,” Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), February 11, 1962, p. 1.
29. Associated Press, “I Can’t Sleep… I’m Too Excited,” says Powers’ wife in Georgia,” Redlands (California) Daily Facts, February 12, 1962, p. 1.
30. Powers tapes.
31. Ibid.
32. John D. Morris, “Powers Fulfilled His Contract, U-2 Inquiry Thus Far Shows,” New York Times, February 22, 1962, p. 1.
33. Powers and Gentry, Operation Overflight.
34. Ibid.
35. New York Times News Service, “Pilot Blasted for Attempt to Save Self,” Los Angeles Times, August 26, 1960, p. 1.
36. Paul Healey and Jerry Greene, “Powers Talks: The U-2 Story,” Washington Daily News, March 7, 1962, p. 1.
37. Beschloss, Mayday, p. 354.
38. Staff, “Text of CIA Chief’s Report on Powers Inquiry and Excerpt from Pilot’s Statement,” New York Times, March 7, 1962, p. 12.
39. Executive Sessions of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Volume 12, 86th Cong., Report on the U-2 Incident.
40. Ian Fleming, “Gary Powers and the Big Lie,” Sunday Times (London), March 11, 1962.