admission of deception by, 80
approval of U-2 program by, 36
and collapse of Paris Summit, 83
and cover story, 77
doubts about overflights by, 57–58
and need for reconnaissance, 27–28
and news of missing U-2, 75
“Open Skies” proposal by, 46–47
and “plausible deniability,” 32
and Powers trial, 101
pressing for Powers’s release by, 105
and self-destruct failures, 79
Ellis, Eugene, 88, 125
Ericson, Bob, 61
Estep, Johnny, 25
Experimental Aviation Association, 246
F-84 Thunderjet, 21, 23, 41, 52
F-86 Sabre, 21
Faure, Edgar, 46
Finch, Mary, 132
First Christian Church (North Hollywood, CA), 142
Fleming, Ian, 123, 264
Ford, Tennessee Ernie, 127
Fox News, 174
Francis Gary Powers: The True Story of the U-2 Spy Incident (television movie), 136–37, 144
Frankfurter, Felix, 111
Gates, Thomas, 77
Geary, Leo, 74, 143, 157–58
Gentry, Curt, 134, 135, 179, 261
George Mason University, 165, 189, 245
Gilliland, Bob, 34, 35, 132, 176
Giraudo, Joe, 158
Glienicker Bridge, 113–15, 164, 255
Goff, Jack, 15, 16, 19, 20, 46, 126
Goodpaster, Andrew, 74, 77
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 164
Gorky Park, 79, 196–98
Grace, Frank, 66
Gray, Gordon, 77
Grinyov, Michael I., 95, 98, 99, 100–101
Grissom, Virgil I. “Gus,” 119
Gromyko, Andre, 65, 83
Gross, Robert, 32, 33
Haggerty, James, 77
Hall of Columns, 91–92, 263
Hall of Heroes, 252
Hazzard, John M., 86
Helms, Richard, 74
Helter Skelter (Bugliosi and Gentry), 135
Herbert, Adam J., 253
Hibbard, Hall, 35
Hileman, Jessica (née Powers), 92
Horton, Phillip E., 251
Houston, Lawrence, 36, 258
Hruda, Dock, 67
Huntley-Brinkley Report, The (news program), 94
Ingram, Lewis K., 92
Jaffe, Sam, 98
Javits, Jacob, 111
Johnson, Clarence L. “Kelly,” 32, 57, 110, 154, 158, 244
choosing secret base by, 37
hiring of Francis Gary Powers by, 130
and mystery of Francis Gary Powers’s dismissal, 260
selling of U-2 by, 36
Skunk Works plans of, 33
U-2 development of, 43
Johnson, Clifford, 32
Johnston, James D., 172–73
Kahn, Ayub, 75
Kallos, Bob, 146, 169, 247, 252
Kennedy, John F., 11, 104, 130–31, 168, 219, 220
approval of spy exchange by, 183–84
Francis Gary Powers’s writing about lack of negotiation by, 221, 233–34, 237–38
Khrushchev’s support for, 105–106
snubbing of Francis Gary Powers by, 119
Kennedy, Robert F., 119
KGB (Soviet secret police), 54–55, 72–73, 78–79, 84, 90, 98, 103, 107, 110, 112, 170, 172, 174, 180, 182, 191, 196–97, 208, 238, 263
KGIL radio, 134, 141
Khrushchev, Elena, 92
Khrushchev, Nikita, 11, 27, 31, 46, 51, 61, 75, 88, 92, 104, 105–106, 164, 167–68, 168, 169, 219, 233–34, 237
anger concerning overflights by, 49
bragging about Soviet missiles by, 55
and Kitchen Debate with Nixon, 56
learning of May 1 overflight, 65
learning of shoot-down, 71
ordering search for wreckage, 79
railing against May 1 overflight, 76–77
rejection of “Open Skies” proposal by, 47
silence of about overflights, 58
storming out of Paris Summit, 83–84
telegram to Oliver Powers, 89
Khrushchev, Sergei, 167–68, 169
Killian, James, 31, 32
King, Bob, 74
KNBC-TV, 13, 137, 140–41, 161
Kratt, Jake, 37, 43, 48, 56, 59
Kreimendahl, Rod, 67
Kruminsh, Zigurd, 103–104, 106, 107, 180, 217, 224
Lackland Air Force Base, 21
Laird, Melvin, 258
Land, Edwin, 31, 53
Larson, Joann, 141
Law, Pete, 32
LeMay, Curtis, 52
Lenin’s and Stalin’s Mausoleum, 27
LeVier, Tony, 33, 34, 37, 40, 46
USS Liberty, 243
Liberty Bell 7, 120
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 43, 52, 132, 138, 158, 159, 172, 258, 260, 261
and dismissal of Francis Gary Powers, 134
early spy plane plans of, 35–36
and hiring of Francis Gary Powers, 130, 132
and involvement in cover story, 75, 86–87
origins of, 32–33
pilot losses and crashes by, 66–67
See also Lockheed Skunk Works
Lockheed Skunk Works, 36
and F-104 Starfighter, 34–35
origins of, 33
and P-80 Shooting Star, 33–34
U-2 development by, 36–40, 44–45
Lonesome Pine Airport, 256
Lovejoy Memorial United Methodist Church (Newnan, GA), 24
Lubyanka Prison, 78, 79, 81, 90, 107, 170, 172, 175, 205, 213, 248, 249
Luce, Henry, 90–91
MacAfee, Carl, 92
Majors, Lee, 136, 144
Malinovsky, Rodion, 65–66
Manson, Charles, 135
March Air Force Base, 52
Marlow, Jess, 12–14, 161
May Day parade, 27, 71, 164
McCone, John A., 106, 118, 120–21, 132, 173, 183, 184, 191, 238
McDougall, Ian, 94
McKone, John, 175, 248, 249
McMahon, John, 113, 183, 238
McNamara, Robert, 191
Meade, Joan (née Powers), 18, 88, 123, 165–65, 208, 209
Meade, Walton, 76, 121, 126, 165, 166
Means, Chris, 156, 247
Melton, Mel, 141
Melvin, Jan (née Powers), 16, 17–18, 19, 49, 88, 93, 126, 129, 138
Mercury Seven astronauts, 91
Meyer, Vance T., 160
MiG (Soviet fighter series), 34, 49, 61, 261–62
Mikahlilov, Aleksandrovich, 79
Milam, Vic, 23
Miller, Herbert, 39
missile gap, 65, 83, 104
Moore, Jack, 24
Mullins, Kim, 257
Murphy, Joe, 51, 76, 113–15, 122, 144
Myasishchev M-4 Molot (Soviet bomber), 27, 30
Nasser, Abdul, 51
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), 47
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 47, 75, 77, 91, 172
National Security Agency (NSA), 183, 191, 242
Neff, Marvine, 140
New York Times, 80, 82, 108, 110, 186, 188
Nixon, Richard, 56, 104, 105, 106, 257
Norman, Joe, 24
North, Oliver, 174
North American Air Defense Command (NORAD), 31
Olmstead, Bruce, 105, 175, 248–49
“Open Skies” proposal, 46–48
Operation Grand Slam, 63
Operation Overflight (Powers and Gentry), 134, 179
Operation Square Deal, 61–62
Overstreet, Carl, 48, 252
Overstreet, Elizabeth, 252
P-47 Thunderbolt, 19
P-51 Mustang, 19, 49
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza (Shah), 30
Paris Summit, 57, 58, 83, 84, 89, 100, 130
Parker, Andrew W., 101
Patterson, Joe, 133, 146, 149, 253
Platt, Mark, 255
Pocock, Chris, 35
Polmar, Norman, 118
Popovich, Jeanie. See Walls, Jeanie (née Popovich)
Powers, Barbara Gay (née Moore), 42, 50–51, 58, 92–94, 101, 131, 144, 157, 188, 198–99, 200–201, 203–205, 207–208, 210, 213, 216–17, 219–22, 224, 228, 230–36