6. Derek Watson, Molotov: A Biography (New York, 2005), 166–69.
7. Received in Moscow Aug. 15, see SDFP, 3:356–57; DGFP, Series D, 5:62–64.
8. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 296, doc. 1 ff. Deal signed Aug. 19, in DGFP, Series D, vol. 5.
9. A Stalin speech, supposedly given to the Politburo on August 19 and revealing offensive intentions, was published in France at the end of November and turned up later in a special Moscow archive. Most Western historians insist it is a forgery. Osoby archive SSSR, f. 7, op. 1, d. 1223. See T. Bushueva, “Proklinaya—Poprobuite ponyat,” Novy Mir 12 (1994), 232–33. A translation is printed in Albert L. Weeks, Stalin’s Other War: Soviet Grand Strategy, 1939–1941 (New York, 2002), 171–74. A vigorous refutation is S. Z. Sluch, “‘Rech’ Stalina, kotoroi ne bylo,” Otchestvennaya Istoriya (2004).
10. F. I. Firsov, “Arkhivy Kominterna i vneshniaia politika SSSR v 1939–1941 gg.,” in Novaia i noveishaiia istoriaiia (6), 12–35; also diary entry for Jan. 21, 1940, in Georgi Dimitrov, Dnevnik: mart 1933—fevruari 1949: izbrano (Sofia, 2003), 84.
11. A. A. Kungurov, Sekretnye protokoly ili kto poddelal pakt Molotova-Ribbentropa (Moscow, 2009). AVPRF, f. 06, op. 1, l. 8, d. 77, l. 4, Sept. 28, 1939.
12. Mikhail I. Meltiukhov, Upushchennyi shans Stalina: skhvatka za Evropu, 1939–1941 gg.: dokumenty, fakty, suzhdeniia (Moscow, 2000), 79–82; Joachim von Ribbentrop, Zwischen London und Moskau: Erinnerungen und letzte Aufzeichnungen (Leoni am Starnberger See, 1953), 178–85; DGFP, Series D, 5:427–29.
13. Nikita S. Khrushchev, Memoirs, vol. 1, Commissar (University Park, Pa., 2004), 226.
14. Geoffrey Roberts, The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War: Russo-German Relations and the Road to War, 1933–1941 (London, 1995), 100.
15. Stalin’s remarks in Dimitrov, Dnevnik, 79.
16. Quoted in Erik van Ree, The Political Thought of Joseph Stalin: A Study in Twentieth-Century Revolutionary Patriotism (New York, 2002), 227.
17. Docs. 228 and 229 in DGFP, 7:245–47.
18. Dimitrov, Dnevnik, 79–80
19. Docs. 103 to 107 in S. V. Mironenko and N. Werth, eds., Istoriia stalinskogo Gulaga (Moscow, 2004), 1:389–95; Norman Davies, God’s Playground: A History of Poland, 1795 to the Present (Oxford, U.K., 1981), 2:448; David R. Marples, Stalinism in Ukraine in the 1940s (New York, 1992), 24–41.
20. See personal accounts in Tadeuz Piotrowski, ed., The Polish Deportees of World War II: Recollections of Removal to the Soviet Union and Dispersal Throughout the World (London, 2004).
21. Jan Gross, Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia (Princeton, N.J., 2002), 194. Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin (New York, 2010), 151.
22. Pavel Polian, Ne po svoyey vole. Istoriya i geografiya prinuditel’nykh migratsii v SSSR (Moscow, 2001), 98.
23. Gross, Revolution from Abroad, 229; Andrzej Paczkowski, “Poland, the ‘Enemy Nation,’ ” in Stéphane Courtois et al., The Black Book of Communism (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), 372.
24. For background, see George Sanford, Katyń and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory (New York, 2005), 35–62.
25. A. A. Chernobaev, ed., Na prieme u Stalina: Tetradi (zhurnaly) zapisei lits, priniatykh I. V. Stalinym, 1924–1953 (Moscow, 2008), 292.
26. Doc. 216 in Natalia S. Lebedeva and Wojciech Materski et al., eds., Katyń: Plenniki neobiavlennoi voiny (Moscow, 1999), 384–90.
27. No mention of Khrushchev’s role is made in either his memoirs or in his son Sergei’s biography. The recent study, William Taubman, Khrushchev, the Man and His Era (New York, 2003), mentions that a colleague (Ivan Serov) was involved with Katyń (133–46, 370).
28. Doc. 208 in Lebedeva and Materski et al., Katyń, 375–78.
29. Doc. 227, Mar. 3, 1959, ibid., 563–64.
30. A. I. Romanov, Nights Are Longest There: A Memoir of the Soviet Secret Service (Boston, 1972), 136–37; Michael Parrish, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953 (Westport, Conn., 1996), 54–57.
31. Doc. 10 in A. N. Yakovlev et al., eds., 1941 god: Dokumenty (Moscow, 1998), 1:29–30; Pravda, June 16 and 17, 1940; Watson, Molotov, 181.
32. Doc. 76 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 1:150–52.
33. Quoted in Aleksandr M. Nekrich, Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German-Soviet Relations, 1922–1941 (New York, 1997), 230.
34. Speech to the Central Committee, Sept. 1940, in I. P. Senokosov, ed., Surovaia drama naroda: uchenie i publitsisty o priode stalinizma (Moscow, 1989), 503. Alexander V. Prusin, The Lands Between: Conflict in the East European Borderlands, 1870–1992 (Oxford, U.K., 2010), 147.
35. These higher figures are in Elena Zubkova, Pribaltika i Kreml, 1940–1953 (Moscow, 2008), 127.
36. Docs. 107 and 108, May 16, 1941, and doc. 112, June 17, in Mironenko and Werth, Istoriia stalinskogo Gulaga, 1:394–400; 404–5.
37. Alexandras Shtomas, “The Baltic States as Soviet Republics: Tensions and Contradictions,” in Totalitarianism and the Prospects for World Order: Closing the Door on the Twentieth Century, ed. Robert Faulkner and Daniel J. Mahoney (Oxford, U.K., 2003), 207. Those statistics are accepted by Valdis O. Lumans, Latvia in World War II (New York, 2006), 138. I. Joseph Vizulis, Nations Under Duress: The Baltic States (New York, 1985), 102–4, for different figures.
38. Entry for Jan. 21, 1940, in Dimitrov, Dnevnik, 84.
39. Figures, Mar. 27, 1940, ibid., 85.
40. Stalin’s remarks are quoted in Khrushchev, Memoirs, 1:251–52.
41. Doc. 6, Apr. 17, 1940, in K. M. Anderson et al., eds., “Zimniaia voina”: rabota nad oshibkami (aprel–mai 1940 g.): Materiali kommissii Glavnogo voennogo soveta Krasnoi Armii (Moscow, 2004), 31–42; William R. Trotter, Frozen Helclass="underline" The Russo-Finnish War of 1939–40 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1991), 16–22.
42. Khrushchev, Memoirs, 1:266.
43. Quoted in John Lukacs, Five Days in London: May 1940 (New Haven, Conn., 2001), 151.
44. David Reynolds, In Command of History: Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War (London, 2004), 169–70.
45. Klaus Hildebrand, Das vergangene Reich: Deutsche Aussenpolitik von Bismarck bis Hitler (Berlin, 1999), 836–48; John Lukacs, The Last European War: September 1939–December 1941 (New Haven, Conn., 2001), 98–99.
46. Doc. 6.28, Sept. 29, 1940; doc. 6.50, Dec. 29, 1940; and doc. 7.1, Jan. 4, 1941, in Viktor Gavrilov, ed., Voennaya razvedka informiruet, http://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/fond/issues-doc/1001634.