47. Georgi K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya (Moscow, 2002), 1:255–56; doc. 289 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 1:683.
48. Docs. 368 and 369, in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:47–48.
49. SDFP, 3:484–85. Stalin is quoted in Gabriel Gorodetsky, Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia (New Haven, Conn., 1999), 151.
50. Ambassador L. A. Steinhardt’s confidential discussion with Deputy Foreign Commissar Lozovsky, Apr. 15, 1941, doc. 388 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:81–82; Andrei I. Yeremenko, V nachale voiny (Moscow, 1965), 46; Lew Besymenski, Stalin und Hitler: Das Pokerspiel der Diktatoren (Berlin, 2002), 416.
51. Vladimir Lota, Sekretnyi front generalnogo shtaba. Kniga o voennoi razvedke 1940–1942 (Moscow, 2005), 220–34.
52. Doc. 377, Apr. 11, 1941, in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:60–61.
53. See, e.g., doc. 7.4, Feb. 12, 1941, and following, in Gavrilov, Voennaya razvedka informiruet, http://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/fond/issues-doc/1001644.
54. Doc. 575 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:387–88; Stalin quoted in Gorodetsky, Grand Delusion, 225.
55. Felix I. Chuev, Molotov: Poluderzhavnyii vlastelin (Moscow, 2000), 28–38.
56. See, e.g., Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 1:229–30.
57. Ibid., 1:246–55.
58. V. K. Volkov, Uzlovye problemy noveishei istorii stran Tsentralnoi i Iugo-Vostochnoi Evropy, rev. and expanded as Stalin wollte ein anderes Europa: Moskaus Aussenpolitik 1940 bis 1968 und die Folgen, eine Dokumentation, Harald Neubert, ed. (Berlin, 2003), 79–80; Besymenski, Stalin und Hitler, 417–18.
59. Ribbentrop to Schulenburg, June 21, doc. 600 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:418–20.
60. The classic case was put by Viktor Suvorov, Der Eisbrecher: Hitler in Stalins Kalkül (Stuttgart, 1989). For a recent and selective reading of (military) documentation, see Bogdan Musial, Kampfplatz Deutschland: Stalins Kriegspläne gegen den Westen (Berlin, 2008).
61. Speech, doc. 437 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:158–62.
62. Directive, doc. 468, ibid., 2:201–9; also Alexander M. Vasilevsky, Delo vsei zhizni (Moscow, 1978), 105; and Dmitri Volkogonov, Sem voshdei (Moscow, 1999), 1:212–13.
63. See, e.g., directives from the Main Political Department of the Red Army (beginning June), doc. 512, in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:301–3.
64. Heinrich Schwendemann, “German-Soviet Economic Relations at the Time of the Hitler-Stalin Pact 1939–1941,” Cahiers du Monde russe (1995), 165.
65. Schnurre memorandum, Feb. 26, 1940, doc. 636 in DGFP, 8:814–17.
66. DRZW, 4:166.
67. S. Z. Sluch, “Sovetsko-germanskii otnossyeniya v sentyabre-dekabre 1939 goda i vopros o vstuplenii SSSR vo vtoryio mirovyio voiny,” Otechestvennaya Istoriya 5 (2000), 10–27.
68. Mikoyan to Stalin and Molotov, Mar. 11, 1941, doc. 317 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 1:760–64.
69. DRZW, 4:166–67.
70. Schnurre memorandum, doc. 471 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:212–13.
71. Rolf-Dieter Müller, “Von der Wirtschaftsallianz zum kolonialen Ausbeutungskrieg,” in DRZW, 4:98–189.
72. Adam Tooze, Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy (New York, 2006), 422–25.
73. Müller, “Wirtschaftsallianz,” 109–11.
74. Gorodetsky, Grand Delusion, 184–94.
75. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 1:239–40; Vasilevsky, Delo vsei zhizni, 107–8; also remarks quoted in Gorodetsky, Grand Delusion, 299.
76. Docs. 74 and 75 in V. K. Vinogradov et al., Sekrety Gitlera na stole u Stalina: razvedka i konstrrazvedka o podgotovke gemanskoi agressii protive SSSR, mart-jiun 1941 g.: Dokumenty iz Tsentralnogo arkhiva FSB Rossii (Moscow 1995), 166–69.
77. Doc. 605 in Yakovlev et al., eds., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:423. See also Mikoyan interview in Georgii A. Kumanev, Govoriat stalinskie narkomy: Vstrechi, besedy, interviu, dokumenty (Smolensk, 2005), 58–59; and Anastas I. Mikoyan, Tak bylo: Razmyshleniya o minushem (Moscow, 1999), chaps. 30–31.
78. Chernobaev, Na prieme u Stalina, 337; Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 1:265–66.
79. Nikolai N. Voronov, Na sluzhbe voennoi (Moscow, 1963), 171–74.
80. David M. Glantz and Jonathan M. House, When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler (Lawrence, Kansas, 1995), 51.
81. Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediya, 2:1:192–93.
82. Chernobaev, Na prieme u Stalina, 337–38.
83. Yuri A. Gorkov, Kreml, stavka, genshtab (Tver, 1995), 86.
84. Feliks Ivanovich Chuev and Vyacheslav Molotov, Sto sorok besed s Molotovym: iz dnevnika F. Chueva (Moscow, 1991), 44–45.
85. Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediya, 2:1:156–7.
86. Mikoyan interview in Kumanev, Govoriat stalinskie narkomy, 61–62; Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 1:287–88.
87. Mikoyan and Voznesensky were added to the GKO on Feb. 3, 1942. Mikoyan, Tak bylo: Razmyshleniya o minushem, chap. 31; doc. 654 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:496–500.
88. Stalin, Sochineniia, 15:56–61.
89. Winston S. Churchill, The Grand Alliance (Boston, 1950), 372.
90. Churchill to Roosevelt, Dec. 7, 1940, in Warren F. Kimball, ed., Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence (Princeton, N.J., 1984), 1:102–9.
91. David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York, 1999), 471.
92. Record of Conversation, July 30, 1941, in Sovetsko-Amerikanskie otnoseheniya vo vremya Velikoi Otechestvennoie Voiny, 1941–1945 (Moscow, 1984), 1:80–82.
93. Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev (London, 1990), 235–36.
94. Roosevelt and Churchill to Stalin, received Aug. 15, 1941, in Stalin Correspondence, 1:17–18.
95. Roosevelt and Churchill, joint statement, Aug. 14, 1941, in FRUS, 1941. The Soviet Union, 1:367–69.
96. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 496.
97. Doc. 651 in Yakovlev et al., 1941 god: Dokumenty, 2:487–88. Further documents are cited in Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediya, 2:1:172–73; also Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness—A Soviet Spymaster (New York, 1994), 145; and Khrushchev, Memoirs, 1:358. For additional evidence and doubts about Stalin’s efforts to seek peace, see Chris Bellamy, Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War (New York, 2007), 221–22.