59. Feb. 5, 1945, in FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945, 615.
60. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 87.
61. Stettinius, Roosevelt and the Russians, 136–37, 162–63; Eden, Reckoning, 596–97; Peter Graf Kielmansegg, Nach der Katastrophe: Eine Geschichte des geteilten Deutschland (Berlin, 2000), 17–18.
62. V. K. Volkov, Uzlovye problemy noveishei istorii stran Tsentralnoi i Iugo-Vostochnoi Evropy, rev. and expanded as Stalin wollte ein anderes Europa: Moskaus Aussenpolitik 1940 bis 1968 und die Folgen, eine Dokumentation, Harald Neubert, ed. (Berlin, 2003), 166.
63. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 69–70; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 615; Berezhkov, Stranitsy diplomaticheskoi istorii, 510–11.
64. Doc. 144, Feb. 15, 1944, in G. P. Kynin and Jochen Laufer, eds., SSSR i germanskii vopros, 1941–1949: dokumenty iz arkhiva vneshnei politiki Rossiiskoi Federastsii (Moscow, 1996), 1:606–8.
65. Molotov to Stalin, Feb. 12, 1944, doc. 88, ibid., 409–17.
66. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 71–74; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 620–21, 630–32, 982–83.
67. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 78–82; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 621–24.
68. Ivan M. Maisky, Vospominanya sovetskogo diplomata, 1925–1945 gg (Moscow, 1980), 655–56; his full report is doc. 1 in Volokitina et al., Sovetskii faktor, 1:22–48.
69. Speech, Nov. 6, 1944, in Stalin, Sochineniia, 2:15, 192–203.
70. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 88–96; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 589–90, 660–67, 976.
71. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 98–103; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 669–70.
72. Sergo Beria, Beria, My Father: Inside Stalin’s Kremlin (London, 2001), 106.
73. Doc. 56, Feb. 21, 1945, in SSSR i Polsha, 411–12.
74. FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 251–54, 980–81.
75. FRUS, Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 600.
76. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 127; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 717.
77. Memo, Feb. 4, in FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 568.
78. Hull, Memoirs, vol. 2:1309; FRUS, Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 489.
79. Krymskaya konferentsiya, 139–43; FRUS, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 766–71; agreement on Soviet entry, 984.
80. S. M. Plokhy, Yalta: The Price of Peace (New York, 2010), 101.
81. Ivan Mikhailovich Maisky, Izbrannaya perepiska s rossiiskimi korrespondentami (Moscow, 2005), vol. 2:161, doc. 550.
82. See the convincing account in Reynolds, Summits, 145, 148; Jenkins, Churchill, 778–80.
83. Churchill to Roosevelt, Apr. 5, 1945, in Kimball, Churchill and Roosevelt: Complete Correspondence, 3:613.
84. Eden, Reckoning, 595.
85. Cadogan to his wife, Feb. 8, in David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938–1945 (New York, 1972), 706.
CHAPTER 6. THE RED ARMY IN BERLIN
1. See the map in S. M. Shtemenko, Generalnyi shtab v gody voiny: ot Stalingrada do Berlina (Moscow, 2005), 1:366–67; Meetings, Feb. 5 and 6, in FRUS, Conferences of Malta and Yalta 1945, 606–7, 646.
2. Dmitri Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediya. Politichesky portret J. V. Stalina v 2 knigakh (Moscow, 1996), 2:359–60.
3. Georgi K. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya (Moscow, 2002), 2:261; docs. 260–77, in Russkii Arkhiv: Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voina: T. 16 (5-4): Stavka VGK: Dokumenty i materially 1944–1945 (Moscow, 1999), 177–87.
4. Shtemenko, Generalnyi shtab, 1:360–62; Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:254–64.
5. Klaus-Dietmar Henke, Die amerikanische Besetzung Deutschlands (Munich, 1995), 98–99, citing Joseph R. Storr, U.S. Military Government in Germany: The Planning Stage (Karlsruhe, 1947), 50.
6. DRZW, 10:1:278–79; Henke, Die amerikanische Besetzung Deutschlands, 98–99; Earl F. Ziemke, The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany, 1944–1946 (Washington, D.C., 1975), 59.
7. Walter Warlimont, Im Hauptquartier der deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 (Frankfurt am Main, 1962), 518–21.
8. Helmut Heiber and David M. Glantz, eds., Hitler and His Generals: Military Conferences, 1942–1945 (New York, 2002), 554–68; also Warlimont, Hauptquartier, 522–24.
9. For the letters, see Stalin Correspondence, 1:296.
10. See Geoffrey Roberts, Stalin’s Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953 (New York, 2006), 256–57; Konstantine K. Rokossovsky, Soldatskii dolg (Moscow, 1988), 294–96.
11. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, N.Y., 1948), 342–65.
12. Vasily I. Chuikov, Konets tretevo reikha (Moscow, 1973), 286–88. For the critique, see Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:273–80; also I. S. Konev, Sorok piatyi (Moscow, 1970), 72–73; Evan Mawdsley, Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War, 1941–1945 (London, 2005), 367–68.
13. Konev, Sorok piatyi, 55–56.
14. Zhukov’s note, in DRZW, 10:1:529. The operation is also referred to as Sonnenwende (Solstice); see Earl F. Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East (New York, 1996), 445–48.
15. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:283–84.
16. Shtemenko, Generalnyi shtab, 1:376.
17. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 378–81; Henke, Die amerikanische Besetzung Deutschlands, 343–77.
18. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 406, gives 325,000; Henke, Die amerikanische Besetzung Deutschlands, 400.
19. John Erickson, The Road to Berlin: Stalin’s War with Germany (New Haven, Conn., 1983), 528.
20. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 396–99; Max Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 (New York, 2004), 422–25.
21. Eisenhower to U.S. Military Mission in Moscow, Mar. 28, in Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 398–99.
22. Marshall to Eisenhower, Mar. 29, in Crusade in Europe, 506n23.
23. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:290–91; and Chris Bellamy, Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War (New York, 2007), 649–50. For Soviet sources, see Roberts, Stalin’s Wars, 261 and n19.