24. Shtemenko, Generalnyi shtab, 1:381–85; Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:291.
25. Konev, Sorok piatyi, 87–89; Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:291–92.
26. Rokossovsky, Soldatskii dolg, 338–39.
27. Nikolai V. Novikov, Vospominanya diplomata: zapiski, 1938–1947 (Moscow, 1989), 286–88.
28. David Reynolds, Summits: Six Meetings That Shaped the Twentieth Century (New York, 2007), 149–52.
29. Jochen von Lang, Top Nazi: SS General Karl Wolff, the Man Between Hitler and Himmler (New York, 2005), 274.
30. Peter R. Black, Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Ideological Soldier of the Third Reich (Princeton, N.J., 1984), 243; Bradley F. Smith and Elena Agarossi, Operation Sunrise: The Secret Surrender (New York, 1979), 86–93, 103–7.
31. Roosevelt to Stalin, Mar. 24, and Stalin’s answer, Mar. 29, in Stalin Correspondence, 2:188–91.
32. W. Averell Harriman and Elie Abel, Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941–1946 (New York, 1975), 435.
33. Churchill to Roosevelt, Apr. 1, in Francis L. Lowenheim et al., eds., Churchill and Roosevelt, Secret Wartime Correspondence (New York, 1975), 696–99. Churchill to Eisenhower, Mar. 31, ibid., 697, n1.
34. Roosevelt to Stalin, Mar. 31, in Susan Butler, ed., My Dear Mr. Stalin: The Complete Correspondence Between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph V. Stalin (New Haven, Conn., 2005), 311.
35. Stalin to Roosevelt, Apr. 3, in Stalin Correspondence, 2:195–96.
36. Churchill to FDR, Apr. 5, in Lowenheim et al., Churchill and Roosevelt, Secret Wartime Correspondence, 704–5.
37. Valentin M. Berezhkov, Stranitsy diplomaticheskoi istorii (Moscow 1987), 537–46; Roosevelt to Stalin, Apr. 5, and Stalin to Roosevelt, Apr. 7, in Stalin Correspondence, 2:196–99.
38. Roosevelt to Churchill and Stalin, Apr. 11, in Warren F. Kimball, ed., Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence (Princeton, N.J., 1984), 3:629–30; Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, 439–40.
39. Pravda, Apr. 13, 1945.
40. Felix I. Chuev, Molotov: Poluderzhavnyii vlastelin (Moscow, 2000), 93.
41. Report cited in DRZW, 10:2:583.
42. Report Olsztyn/Allenstein, doc. 233 in Włodzimierz Borodziej and Hans Lemberg, eds., Die Deutschen östlich von Oder und Neisse 1945–1950: Dokumente aus polnischen Archiven, vol. 1, Zentrale Behörden, Wojewodschaft Allenstein (Marburg, 2000), 481–83.
43. Roger R. Reese, Stalin’s Reluctant Soldiers: A Social History of the Red Army, 1925–1941 (Lawrence, Kansas, 1996), 63–69.
44. Alexander N. Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (New Haven, Conn., 2002), 174.
45. Catherine Merridale, Ivan’s War: Life and Death in the Red Army, 1939–1945 (New York, 2006), 231–32.
46. Boris Gorbachevsky, Through the Maelstrom: A Red Army Soldier’s War on the Eastern Front, 1942–1945 (Lawrence, Kansas, 2008), 359–60.
47. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:293.
48. Shtemenko, Generalnyi shtab, 1:383–85; Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:307–8; docs. 330–37, Russkii Arkhiv: Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voina: T. 16 (5-4): Stavka VGK: Dokumenty i materially, 219–24; DRZW, 10:1:626–27; Erickson, Road to Berlin, 533; Bellamy, Absolute War, 651.
49. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:255–56.
50. DRZW, 10:1:628.
51. Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin, 474.
52. Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 468.
53. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:318–20; Chuikov, Konets tretevo reikha, 290–92.
54. G. F. Krivosheev, Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: poteri vooruzhennykh siclass="underline" statisticheskoe issledovanie (Moscow, 2001), chap. 5 tables.
55. Shtemenko, Generalnyi shtab, vol. 2, chap. 10; also Stefan Karner et al., eds., Die Rote Armee in Österreich: Sowjetische Besatzung 1945–1955: Dokumente (Vienna, 2005), 87–121.
56. Joachim Fest, Der Untergang: Hitler und das Ende des Dritten Reiches (Berlin, 2002), 105.
57. Anton Joachimsthalter, Hitlers Ende: Legenden und Dokumente (Berlin, 2004), 185–200; Traudl Junge, Bis zur letzten Stunde: Hitlers Sekretärin erzählt ihr Leben (Munich, 2002), 203.
58. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:324.
59. Order, in Stalin, Sochineniia, 15:218–21.
60. Zhukov, Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya, 2:329–30.
61. Stalin, Sochineniia, 15:223–24.
CHAPTER 7. RESTORING THE STALINIST DICTATORSHIP IN A BROKEN SOCIETY
1. Stalin, Sochineniia, 15:223–24, 228–29.
2. Ilya Ehrenburg, Liudi, gody, zhizn: vospominaniia, v trekh tomakh (Moscow, 2005), vol. 3, part 23.
3. Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (New York, 2005), 58.
4. E. A. Rees, “Leader Cults: Varieties, Preconditions and Functions,” in Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, and E. A. Rees, eds., The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc (New York, 2004), 14.
5. Entry for Dec. 16, 1936, in Georgi Dimitrov, Dnevnik: mart 1933–fevruari 1949: izbrano (Sofia, 2003), 53; Yoram Gorlizki and Oleg Khlevniuk, Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953 (New York, 2004), 46–47.
6. Nikita S. Khrushchev, Memoirs, vol. 2, Reformer (University Park, Pa., 2006), 33.
7. A. A. Chernobaev, ed., Na prieme u Stalina: Tetradi (zhurnaly) zapisei lits, priniatykh I. V. Stalinym, 1924–1953 (Moscow, 2008).
8. Mikoyan interviews in Georgii A. Kumanev, Govoriat stalinskie narkomy: Vstrechi, besedy, interviu, dokumenty (Smolensk, 2005), 61.
9. Vladimir O. Pechatnov, “‘The Allies Are Pressing on You to Break Your Will.’ Foreign Policy Correspondence Between Stalin and Molotov and Other Politburo Members, September 1945–Dec. 1946,” CWIHP Working Paper no. 26 (1999), 23–24.
10. Kumanev, Govoriat stalinskie narkomy, 69; Gorlizki and Khlevniuk, Cold Peace, 20–23; Alexander O. Chubariyan and Vladimir O. Pechatnov, “Molotov ‘the Liberal’: Stalin’s 1945 Criticism of His Deputy,” in Cold War History (2000), 129–40.
11. Spravochnik po istorii kommunisticheskoi partii i Sovetskogo Soiuza 1898–1991, at http://www.knowbysight.info/2_KPSS/07178.asp.
12. Evan Mawdsley and Stephen White, The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev: The Central Committee and Its Members, 1917–1991 (Oxford, U.K., 2000), 128, table 3.7.
13. Spravochnik po istorii kommunisticheskoi partii i Sovetskogo Soiuza 1898–1991, http://www.knowbysight.info/2_KPSS/07177.asp. The site also contains the list of all members and their biographies.