9. Meeting, Sept. 18, 1947, in Dmitrii T. Shepilov, Neprimknushii (Moscow, 2001), 87–90.
10. Andrei Zhdanov, “Report on the Journals ‘Zvezda’ and ‘Leningrad’ ” in Zhdanov, On Literature, Music and Philosophy (London, 1950), 39–51.
11. Doc. 14 in Artizov and Naumov, Vlast i khudozhestvennaia intelligentsia, 565–81.
12. Doc. 19, ibid., 589.
13. See, e.g., Pravda, Sept. 18, 1946.
14. Nancy K. Anderson, Anna Akhmatova: The Word That Causes Death’s Defeat, Poems of Memory (New Haven, Conn., 2004), 107–14, 135–42.
15. Leonid Koslov, “The Artist and the Shadow of Ivan,” in Richard Taylor and Derek Spring, eds., Stalinism and Soviet Cinema (London, 1993), 109–11.
16. See the controversial Solomon Volkov, Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator (New York, 2004), 201.
17. Doc. 34 in Artizov and Naumov, Vlast i khudozhestvennaia intelligentsia, 613; also for what follows.
18. Konstantin M. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokkoleniia: razmyshleniya o J. V. Staline (Moscow, 1990), 162–63.
19. Maureen Perrie, The Cult of Ivan the Terrible in Stalin’s Russia (New York, 2001), 163–79; Koslov, “Artist and the Shadow of Ivan,” 129; Volkov, Shostakovich and Stalin, 202.
20. Doc. 34 in Artizov and Naumov, Vlast i khudozhestvennaia intelligentsia, 618.
21. Statements of Soviet Writers Union, meeting May 13, 1947, in G. V. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politikika Stalina: Vlast i antisemitizm (Moscow, 2001), 310–14.
22. Kevin M. F. Platt, Terror and Greatness: Ivan and Peter as Russian Myths (Ithaca, N.Y., 2011), 248–52.
23. Boterbloem, Zhdanov, 303.
24. Shepilov, Neprimknushii, 105–8; Pravda, Feb. 11, 1948; Volkov, Shostakovich and Stalin, 215–31; Boterbloem, Zhdanov, 317–19.
25. Andrei Zhdanov, “On Music,” in On Literature, Music and Philosophy, 52–75.
26. Shepilov, Neprimknushii, 127–36; Ethan Pollock, Stalin and the Soviet Science Wars (Princeton, N.J., 2006), 1–14, 47–56.
27. Nikolai Kremenstov, The Cure: A Story of Cancer and Politics in the Annals of the Cold War (Chicago, 2002), 84–89.
28. Ibid., 112–13.
29. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 1064, l. 32.
30. Nikolai Kremenstov, Stalinist Science (Princeton, N.J., 1997), 137–38.
31. Kremenstov, Cure, 127.
32. Walter Bedell Smith, My Three Years in Moscow (New York, 1950), 290.
33. M. M. Wolff, “Some Aspects of Marriage and Divorce Laws in Soviet Russia,” Modern Law Review (1949), 290–96.
34. Robert C. Tucker, “A Stalin Biographer’s Memoir,” in Samuel H. Baron and Carl Pletsch, eds., Introspection in Biography: The Biographers’ Quest for Self-Awareness (London, 1985), 249–71; Robert C. Tucker, Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928–1941 (New York, 1990), 474–78.
35. Galina Mikhailovna Ivanova, Istoriia GULAGa, 1918–1958: sotsialno-ekonomicheskii i politiko-pravovoi aspekty (Moscow, 2006), 268–69; Boterbloem, Zhdanov, 302.
36. Doc. 40 in D. G. Nadzhafov and Z. S. Belousova, eds., Stalin i kosmopolitizm: dokumenty Agitpropa TSK KPSS, 1945–1953 (Moscow, 2005).
37. Memo, Central Committee Agitprop, Jan. 28, 1948, doc. 58, ibid.
38. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoliniia, 112–35.
39. Doc. 100 in Nadzhafov and Belousova, Stalin i kosmopolitizm.
40. V. L. Malkov, “Igra bez myacha: sotsialno-psikhologicheskii kontekst sovetskoi atomnoi diplomatii,” in N. I. Egorova and A. O. Chubarian, eds., Kholodnaia voina, 1945–1963 gg.: Istoricheskaia retrospektiva. Sbornik statei (Moscow, 2003), 281–320.
41. Tucker, “Stalin Biographer’s Memoir,” 251.
42. Stalin, Sochineniia, vol. 8. The book, combined with reminiscences of Lenin, was translated into English as Joseph Stalin, The Foundations of Leninism (New York, 1932).
43. Pravda, May 6, 1937, in Stalin, Sochineniia, 14:209–12.
44. David Brandenburger, National Bolshevism: Stalin Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931–1956 (Cambridge, Mass., 2002), 47.
45. Istoriia Vsesoiuznoe kommunisticheskoi partii (bolshevikov): Kratkii kurs (Moscow, 1938), available as The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): Short Course (Moscow, 1939).
46. Roy Medvedev, “How the Short Course Was Created,” Russian Politics and Law (2005), 69–95.
47. For an example from war-torn Hungary, see János Kornai, By Force of Thought: Irregular Memoirs of an Intellectual Journey (Cambridge, Mass., 2006), 31.
48. Hua-yu Li, Mao and the Economic Stalinization of China, 1948–1953 (New York, 2006); William J. Duiker, Ho Chi Minh: A Life (New York, 2000), 220–31; Philip Short, Pol Pot: The Anatomy of a Nightmare (New York, 2004), 66–67.
49. For a Russian perspective, see T. V. Volokitina et al., Moskva i Vostochnaia Evropa: stanovlenie politicheskikh rezhimov sovetskogo tipa, 1949–1953: ocherki istorii (Moscow, 2002), 1–30.
CHAPTER 13. NEW COMMUNIST REGIMES IN POLAND AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA
1. T. V. Volokitina et al., Narodnaja demokratija: Mif ili realnost? Obchchestvenno-politicheskie processy v Vostochnoi Evrope: 1944–1948 gg. (Moscow, 1993), 314; Norman Naimark, “Post-Soviet Russian Historiography on the Emergence of the Soviet Bloc,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History (2004), 561–80.
2. Krystyna Kersten, The Establishment of Communist Rule in Poland, 1943–1948 (Berkeley, Calif., 1991), 63–65.
3. Stanisław Mikołajczyk, The Rape of Poland: Pattern of Soviet Aggression (New York, 1948), 100.
4. Report, Dec. 25, 1944, doc. 43a in Russkii Arkhiv: Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voina: T 14 (3-1): SSSR i Polsha (Moscow, 1994), 389–92, henceforth SSSR i Polsha.
5. Jan C. Behrends, Die erfundene Freundschaft: Propaganda für die Sowjetunion in Polen und in der DDR (Cologne, 2006), 101–6.
6. See, e.g., Beria report, Sept. 18, 1944, doc. 15, and Beria-Stalin, Oct. 13, doc. 18, in T. V. Volokitina et al., eds., Sovetskii faktor v Vostochnoi Evrope 1944–1953 (Moscow, 1999), 1:96–98, 102–3.
7. Kersten, Establishment of Communist Rule, 118–56.
8. Treaty signed on April 21, published the next day in Pravda: see Stalin, Sochineniia, 15:214–15.
9. Kersten, Establishment of Communist Rule, 166.
10. Docs. 39–59, Nov. 1944–March 1945, in SSSR i Polsha, 383–419.
11. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947 (Oxford, U.K., 2004), 265–87.