33. Jordan Baev and Kostadin Grozev, “Bulgarien: Organisation, Aufbau und Personal,” in Kamiński, Persak, and Gieseke, Handbuch, 181–87.
34. Georgi Markov, The Truth That Killed (New York, 1984), 12.
35. Robert Levy, Ana Pauker: The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist (Berkeley, Calif., 2001), 144–52; Dennis Deletant, Communist Terror in Romania: Georghiu-Dej and the Police State (New York, 1999), 84–85, 170–94.
36. MGB to Molotov, May 13, 1950, doc. 115 in Volokitina et al., Sovetskii factor, 2:325–26.
37. Vladimir Tismăneanu, Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism (Berkeley, Calif., 2003), 132–35.
38. Interrogation notes cited in Levy, Ana Pauker, 157.
39. Denis Deletant, “Rumänien,” in Kamiński, Persak, and Gieseke, Handbuch, 378–81.
40. Docs. 97 and 105 in T. V. Volokitina et al., eds., Vostochnaya Evropa v dokumentakh rossiiskikh arkhivov (Moscow, 1997–98), 2:298, 317.
41. Igor Lukes, “Rudolf Slánský: His Trials and Trial,” CWIHP Working Paper no. 50, 14.
42. See Kaplan, Report, 16–17.
43. Ibid., 47–48.
44. Minutes, Slánský’s address in Giuliano Procacci et al., The Cominform: Minutes of the Three Conferences, 1947, 1948, 1949 (Milan, 1994), 727–37.
45. Lukes, “Rudolf Slánský,” 26–27.
46. Cited in ibid., 31.
47. Kaplan, Report, 125–51; Lukes, “Rudolf Slánský,” 47–51.
48. Marian Šlingová, Truth Will Prevail (London, 1968), 84–87.
49. Quoted in Lukes, “Rudolf Slánský,” 54.
50. Jiří Pelikán, ed., The Czechoslovak Political Trials, 1950–1954: The Suppressed Report of the Dubček Government’s Commission of Inquiry, 1968 (Stanford, Calif., 1971), 110.
51. Kevin McDermott, “Stalinist Terror in Czechoslovakia: Origins, Processes, Responses,” in McDermott and Stibbe, eds., Stalinist Terror, 98–113.
52. Ulrich Mählert, “‘Die Partei hat immer Recht!’ Parteisäuberungen als Kaderpolitik in der SED (1948–1953),” in Hermann Weber and Ulrich Mählert, eds., Terror: Stalinistische Parteisäuberungen 1936–1953 (Paderborn, 1998), 418.
53. Russian minutes of SED conversations with Stalin, Apr. 7, 1952, in Dmitri Volkogonov Collection, Hoover Institution. The German record is in BAB, SAPMO, NY 4036, Nachlass Pieck, 696, 12–25.
54. Hodos, Show Trials, xiii.
55. Jens Gieseke, “Deutsche Demokratische Republic,” in Kamiński, Persak, and Gieseke, Handbuch, 199–260.
56. Dierk Hoffmann, Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964): Eine politische Biographie (Munich, 2009), 530–33.
57. Beria memorandum, May 6, 1953, in CWIHP, virtual archive, Germany in the Cold War.
58. Order, Soviet Council of Ministers, APRF, f. 3, op. 64, d. 802, l. 153–61, in CWIHP, virtual archive, Germany in the Cold War.
59. Docs. 292–301, Volokitina et al., Sovetskii factor 2:757–74.
60. Doc. 60, “On the Events of 17–19 June in Berlin and the GDR,” June 24, 1953, in Christian F. Ostermann, ed., Uprising in East Germany 1953 (New York, 2001), 257–85.
61. P. Naumov report, June 22, 1953, to D. T. Shepilov, in CWIHP, virtual archive, Germany in the Cold War.
62. Transcript of conversations, June 13–16, 1953, Hungarian National Archives, Budapest, 276.f 102/65, in CWIHP, virtual archive.
63. Michael Korda, Journey to a Revolution: A Personal Memoir and History of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (New York, 2006), 80.
64. Mark Kramer, “The Early Post-Stalin Succession Struggle and Upheavals in East-Central Europe,” Journal of Cold War Studies (1999), 3–66.
65. David E. Murphy, Sergei A. Kondrashev, and George Baily, Battleground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War (New Haven, Conn., 1997), 170.
66. Edith Sheffer, Burned Bridge: How East and West Germans Made the Iron Curtain (New York, 2011), 163.
67. Joachim Gauck, Winter im Sommer—Frühling im Herbst (Berlin, 2009), 78.
68. Sheffer, Burned Bridge, 167.
69. Gauck, Winter im Sommer, 33–52.
CHAPTER 21. STALIN’S LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT
1. Dmitrii T. Shepilov, Neprimknushii (Moscow, 2001), 181–97.
2. Ethan Pollock, Stalin and the Soviet Science Wars (Princeton, N.J., 2006), 168–82.
3. Stalin, Sochineniia, 16:184–86.
4. Nikita S. Khrushchev, Doklad na zakrytom zasedanii XX Sezda KPSS: o kulte lichnosti i ego posledstviiakh (Moscow, 1959).
5. Janet G. Chapman, Real Wages in Soviet Russia Since 1928 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), 166, 176, tables 27 and 28.
6. G. F. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politikika Stalina, Vlast i antisemitizm (Moscow, 2001), 629–30.
7. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 162, d. 46, l. 19–21.
8. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politikika Stalina, 422–74.
9. V. P. Naumov et al., eds., Nepravednyi sud. Poslednii stanlinskii rasstrel; stenogramma sudebnogo protsessa nad chlenami Evreiskogo antifashistskogo komiteta (Moscow, 1994), 375–83.
10. Jonathan Brent and Vladimir P. Naumov, Stalin’s Last Crime: The Plot Against Jewish Doctors, 1948–1953 (New York, 2003), 218–19.
11. CPSU CC resolution, Dec. 4, 1952, doc. 167 in G. V. Kostyrchenko, ed., Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm v SSSR ot nachala do kulminatsii: 1938–1953 (Moscow, 2005).
12. V. A. Malyshev, diary entry for Dec. 1, 1952, doc. 166, ibid.
13. Doc. 262 in Nadzhafov and Belousova, Stalin i kosmopolitizm; Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politikika Stalina, 654–56.
14. Lev Kopelev, Ease My Sorrows: A Memoir (New York, 1983), 185.
15. Gennady Kostyrchenko, “Deportatsia—Mistifikatsia: proshanie c mifom stalinskoiepokhi,” Lekhaim (2002), http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/125/kost.htm. See also David Brandenburger, “Stalin’s Last Crime? Recent Scholarship on Postwar Soviet Antisemitism and the Doctors’ Plot,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History (2005), 187–204.
16. See the ruminations in Vasily Grossman, Vse technet (Frankfurt am Main, 1970), 25.
17. Yoram Gorlizki and Oleg Khlevniuk, Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953 (New York, 2004), 158–59.
18. See the interview (2004) in Cathy A. Frierson and Semyon S. Vilensky, eds., Children of the Gulag (New Haven, Conn., 2010), 349–50.
19. Alexander N. Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (New Haven, Conn., 2002), 207–8.
20. Ibid., 209–10.
21. Svetlana Alliluyeva, Dvadtsat pisem k drugu (New York, 1967), 182–83.
22. Politburo decision, Jan. 18, 1949, doc. 8 in Kostyrchenko, Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm.
23. Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (New York, 2004), 585–91.
24. Molotov to Stalin, Jan. 20, 1949, in Gorlizki and Khlevniuk, Cold Peace, 76.