152. Khristoforov et al., Zimniaia voina, 324 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. f, d. 351, l. 212-6).
153. DVP SSSR, XXIII/i: 57–61, 77–78. These German officials do not appear in the logs for Stalin’s office.
154. Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 251–2.
155. At the Johannisthal airfield outside Berlin Göring had paraded before them “twin-engine Junkers 88 and Dornier 215 bombers, single-engine Henkel-100 and Messerschmitt-110 fighters, Focke-Wulf-187 and Henschel reconnaissance planes, a twin-engine Messerschmitt-110 fighter, a Junkers 87 dive bomber, and other types of aircraft,” as Alexander Yakovlev described the scene. General Ernst Udet, Göring’s deputy, took Hovhannes “Ivan” Tevosyan, head of the Soviet delegation, up in a Fiesler Storch reconnaissance plane, then executed a “splendid landing, stopping exactly where it had started from.” Tevosyan was impressed. Later, Göring made him a gift of the aircraft. The delegation, according to Yakovlev, “returned to the Adlon strongly impressed.” Tarpaulins and ropes curtained off whole areas of the sites the Soviets visited—Messerschmitt in Augsburg, Focke-Wulf in Bremen, Junkers in Dessau, BMW in Munich, Henschel and Siemens in Berlin. Bialer, Stalin and His Generals, 117–8; Berezhkov, At Stalin’s Side, 81–2.
156. DGFP, series D, VIII: 472–5 (shopping list), 513 (Ribbentrop, Dec. 11, 1939), 516–7 (Ritter to Schulenburg, Dec. 11, 1939).
157. Khristoforov et al., Zimniaia voina, 289–91 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 6, d. 35, l. 154–60: Dec. 12), 292 (d. 540, l. 266: Dec. 12), 312–4 (l. 225–9: Dec. 14), 319–21 (l. 276–9), 321–2 (l. 280–3), 326 (l. 290).
158. Na prieme, 9, 279, 284–5.
159. Malyshev, “Dnevnik narkoma,” 109–10.
160. Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 122–3 (Dec. 21, 1939). Some guests at the banquets were known to carry home candies, nuts, fruit, and other portables for their families.
161. Raikin, Vospominaniia, 195–7.
162. Pirogov, S otsom, 133–4. Pirogov was not again invited to perform at Kremlin banquets, but escaped arrest.
163. Vladimir Orlov, “Prokofiev.”
164. I. S. Rabinovich, in Stalin i liudi sovetskoi strany, 3. See also Rabinovich, “Obraz vozhdia”; Grabar’, “Stalin i liudi sovetskoi strane”; and Kravchenko, Stalin v izobrazitel’nom iskusstve.
165. Pravda, March 18, 1939. The painting had first been exhibited at the show “Twenty Years of the Red Army.”
166. Stalin had also supposedly sat for the painter Dmitry Sharapov in the 1930s, but did not like the result; in any case, Sharapov was arrested. Medvedev, “O Staline i stalinzme.”
167. Chegodaeva, Dva lika vremeni, 152–8. Perhaps the most striking image of all appeared in USSR in Construction, a Stalin profile portrait formed from a vast abundance of tiny multihued flecks of millet, alfalfa, and poppy. USSR in Construction, 1939, no. 11–2; Margolin, “Stalin and Wheat.”
168. Pravda, Dec. 20 and 21, 1939; Heizer, “Cult of Stalin.” The thousands of congratulations in Pravda ran until Feb. 2, 1940.
169. Komsol’skaia pravda, Dec. 22, 1939.
170. For example: RGAKFD, ed. khr. 1–3553 (year 1939). A model of the hovel was on display in the Georgia pavilion at the all-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow.
171. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 1499, l. 39–54. Yaroslavsky incorporated many “reminiscences” in his book, O tovarishche Staline (Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1939), in English, Landmarks in the Life of Stalin (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1940), printed in some 200,000 copies, which, unusually, included a chapter on Stalin’s childhood. The work was based on a long speech on Stalin’s life that Yaroslavsky had delivered at a conference of agitprop cadres on Sept. 17, 1939, which had been published in two parts in the agitprop journaclass="underline" “Vazhneishie vekhi zhizni i deiatel’nosti tovarishcha Stalina,” V pomoshch’ marksistsko-leninsokomu obrazovaniiu, 1939, no. 10: 33–61, no. 13–4: 22–92. Also, some of the “reminiscences” Beria’s minions had gathered and published in Tbilisi about Stalin’s youth were republished in the mass-circulation youth periodical Molodaya Gvardiya (1939, no. 12). In Sept. 1940, Stalin forbade publication in Russian of the Georgian-language book Childhood of the Leader, by the famed children’s writer Konstantin Gamsakhurdia, issued the previous year in connection with Stalin’s sixtieth birthday. Galleys had been readied. Maksimenkov, Bol’shaia tsenzura, 524–5 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 730, l. 190); d. 787, l. 1–2. See also Davies and Harris, Stalin’s World, 159.
172. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 3226, l. 1; d. 1281; Koniuskaia, “Iz vosponinanii,” 3; RGASPI, f. 629, op. 11, d. 55, l. 52.
173. K shestidesiatiletiiu, 177. See also Barmine, One Who Survived, 258. The regime published recommended readings for Stalin’s jubilee: Markovich, O Staline. See also O Staline: ukazatel’ literatury. Yaroslavky described the three earliest meetings between Stalin and Lenin: Dec. 1905 in Tampere, Finland at the 3rd Party Congress; April 1906 in Stockholm, at the 4th Party Congress; and in May 1907 in London, at the 5th Party Congress (the numbers were disputed by non-Bolshevik members of the Russian Social Democrat Workers Party). Iaroslavskii, “Tri vstrechi.”
174. Pravda, Dec. 23 and 25, 1939, reprinted in Iu. Fel’shtinskii, Oglasheniiu podlezhit, 170–1. Stalin’s name, one author wrote in a biographical note, “glows like a torch of freedom, like a battle flag of the toilers of the whole world.” Badaev, “O Staline.”
175. Time, Jan. 1, 1940.
176. Mydans, More than Meets the Eye, 119.
177. Van Dyke, Soviet Invasion, 77 (citing an unpublished essay by G. A. Kumanev).
178. Khaustov, “Deiatel’nost’ organov,” 332, 357.
179. Volkogonov, Hoover Institution Archive, box 1 (Voroshilov, Stalin, and Shaposhnikov order to frontline commanders); van Dyke, Soviet Invasion, 103, citing N. F. Kuz’min, Na strazhe mirovogo truda, 1921–1941 gg. (Moscow: Voenizdat, 1959), 238.
180. Gavrilov, Voennaia razvedka informiruet, 210–2 (RGVA, f. 33988, op. 4, d. 13, l. 197ss–200ss), 212–4 (l. 247ss–249ss), 215–16 (l. 244ss–246ss), 216–8 (239ss–243ss).
181. Lota, “Alta” protiv “Barbarossy,” 203. She sent the message on Dec. 8, 1939. When and in what form Stalin received this information remains unclear. On German troop positioning in the West, see Gavrilov, Voennaia razvedka informiruet, 257–63 (Jan. 1940).
182. Semiriaga, Tainy stalinskoi diplomatii, 163–4; Meretskov, Na sluzhbe, 185–7; Na prieme, 288.
183. Stalin also permitted selection of quality troops from various military districts for Finland. Van Dyke, Soviet Invasion, 104 (citing RGASPI, f. 71, op. 25, d. 59).
184. RGVA, f. 33 987, op. 3, d. 1386, l. 169–71, Volkogonov papers, Hoover Institution Archives, container 17; RGASPI, f. 71, op. 25, d. 6861, l. 411–4. On Jan. 13, 1940, Beria reported that Soviet military communication codes had been carelessly distributed on the battlefield and fallen into enemy hands. Khristoforov et al., Zimniaia voina, 428–9 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 7, d. 280, l. 18-20).