Bodenschatz, Karl, 631, 675
Bogdanov, L. T., 141–42
Bohlen, Charles, 480–81, 666
Bolshakov, Ivan, 789, 795
Bolshevik Revolution, xi, 174, 489, 522
twentieth anniversary of, 467–69, 470
Bolsheviks, Bolshevism, see Communism
bombers:
German, 351, 678, 755
Soviet, 99, 101, 265, 338, 346, 351, 567, 820, 856
Boris III, king of Bulgaria, 811, 812, 889
Borisov, Mikhail, 201, 205, 207, 220, 235
Bormann, Martin, 585, 867
Brauchitsch, Walther von, 567, 677
Braun, Eva, 584, 642
Brest-Litovsk, Poland, 469, 695, 704, 722
German withdrawal from, 686–87
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, xv, 4, 121, 363, 370, 685, 903
Brezhnev, Leonid, 603
Brik, Lily, 276–77
British empire, xv, 591, 783, 833
British intelligence, 222, 242, 614, 656, 675
Enigma intercepts of, 850, 857, 882, 884, 890, 891
German military capabilities overestimated by, 591
on German military capability, 652–53
and Germany’s planned Soviet invasion, 882–83
Red Army capability underestimated by, 591
Soviet agents in, 836
Yugoslav coup and, 847
Bucharest, 872
Budyonny, Semyon, 37, 44, 46, 213, 272, 421, 424, 545
Bug River, 695
Bukhara, 138
Bukharin, Nikolai:
arrest of, 443
Central Committee expulsion of, 387
conspiracy accusations against, 357–58, 379, 386, 397, 437, 476
in counterattack on collectivization, 15
eulogy for Nadya delivered by, 112
execution of, 479, 526, 560, 602
expelled from politburo, 29
at February 1937 Central Committee plenum, 386–87
imprisonment of, 477–78
interrogations of, 336, 387
as Izvestiya editor, 349, 359
Kamenev’s meeting with, 12
Kirov murder and, 205
press slander of, 359
at 17th Party Congress, 156
Stalin’s correspondence with, 64–65, 336, 387, 478
Stalin’s demonization of, 11–12, 14–15, 24, 26, 56, 57, 68
Stalin’s friendship with, 11, 526
Stalin’s psychological torture of, 349, 368
trial of, 478, 560
Bukovina, 786, 808, 819
northern, Soviet occupation of, 774, 776
Bulgakov, Mikhail, 151, 184, 186, 230, 635
death of, 746
Kerzhentsev’s criticism of, 284–85
Stalin’s relationship with, 148–50
Bulgaria, 274, 788, 811, 812, 889
in Axis pact, 847
failed Communist coup in, 17
fascist coup in, 171–72
Soviet relations with, 813–14
Soviet spies in, 794
Wehrmacht in, 831, 872
Bulletin of the Opposition (Leninist-Bolsheviks), 13–14, 24, 68, 91, 94, 105, 294, 323, 328
Bullitt, William, 144–45, 263, 292
as U.S. ambassador to Soviet Union, 145–46, 167
Bullock, Alan, xv
Burgess, Guy, 222, 656, 661, 836
Buryat-Mongol autonomous republic, 281, 803
Butovo killing field, 479, 619
Butyrka prison, 438, 649
Bychkova, Alexandra, 108, 166
Cadogan, Alexander, 622–23, 642, 868
cadres:
arrests of, 577
Stalin on education of, 571–72
Stalin on importance of, 250, 462–64, 468, 495, 576–77, 603, 604–5, 832, 902
Cairncross, John, 656, 836
Cajander, Aimo, 706, 718
Campbell, Joseph, 301
Campbell, Thomas, 114–15
Canaris, Wilhelm, 485, 647, 661, 798
capitalist encirclement, 5–6, 11, 44, 124, 303, 305, 428, 429, 553
Carol II, king of Romania, 563, 613, 788
Catalonia, in Spanish civil war, 312, 316, 321, 364, 380, 408
Catherine II, “ the Great,” empress of Russia, 888
censors, censorship, 282, 308, 422
ubiquity of, 422
“Center of Centers” conspiracy, 434, 437, 450
Central Asia, 190
Central Black Earth region:
collectivization in, 39, 41, 70
famine in, 122
grain procurement in, 128
Central Committee, 45, 64, 126, 160, 161, 500, 602, 788, 839, 907
accusations against sitting members of, 383
Andreyev as secretary of, 225, 500, 606
arrests of, 443, 603
February–March 1937 plenum of, 383–84, 386–91, 394, 396–97, 418, 483, 488, 508, 509
joint plenums of Central Control Commission and, 15–16, 58, 65, 107, 115–17
June 1937 plenum of, 433–34, 443, 450, 510
Lominadze’s expulsion from, 59
Molotov elevated to, 605
new members of, 162
1933 purge by, 114
Syrtsov’s expulsion from, 59
Yezhov as secretary of, 224, 225, 437, 498, 587
Central Control Commission, 12, 57, 113, 383, 603, 907
joint plenums of Central Committee and, 15–16, 58, 65, 107, 115–17
Yezhov as chairman of, 225, 437, 587
Cervantes, Miguel de, 231
Chahar province, Inner Mongolia, 233–34
Chamberlain, Neville, 555, 559, 579, 582, 590, 591, 613, 657, 679, 762, 856
appeasement policy of, 565–66, 591, 652–53, 662, 674, 677
and choice between alliance with Hitler or Stalin, 674–75, 698
death of, 802
and German-Soviet Pact, 673, 675
Hitler misread by, 653
Hitler’s manipulation of, 698–99
Munich Pact and, 564, 565–66, 575
and negotiations with Germany, 652, 653
Polish independence guaranteed by, 614–15, 616, 617, 653, 654, 662, 674, 676
Red Army underestimated by, 675
resignation of, 763
Romanian independence guaranteed by, 616
Triple Alliance proposal and, 648, 649, 662
war preparations and, 782
Chapayev (film), 192, 193, 210, 215, 217, 230, 285, 466
Chaplin, Charlie, 217, 796
Charkviani, Candide, 166, 547
Chavchavadze, Ilya, 511, 512
Cheka, Chekists, 23, 79, 176, 181, 229, 345, 415, 449
in Azerbaijan, 139, 339, 908
see also NKVD
Chekhov, Anton, 2, 148
Chelyabinsk, 32, 190, 343
chemical commissariat, 846–47
Chiang Ching-kuo, 366, 367
Chiang Kai-shek, 30, 83, 114, 125, 167, 262, 321, 330, 374, 379, 457, 530, 533, 539, 557, 574, 744, 793, 887
in civil war with Communists, 277
legality of Communists recognized by, 459
proposed Sino-Japanese alliance and, 233
Soviet-Japanese pact feared by, 459
united front reaffirmed by, 366, 367
united front with Communists rejected by, 360
in war with Japan, 460, 470–71
Zhang’s capture of, 360–61, 366–67
Chicherin, Georgy, 26–27, 89
Chilston, Viscount, 242, 481
China:
civil war in, 262, 277, 321, 359–60, 367, 379
Communists in, see Communist Party, Chinese
Japanese-Soviet negotiations on, 793–94
Japanese war with, 229, 321, 330, 359, 364, 457–59, 460, 470–71, 530, 533, 536, 539, 557, 597, 667, 677, 743–44, 793, 805
Japan’s designs on, 88
Soviet aid to, 321, 459, 470, 471, 530, 535, 744, 852
Soviet policy on, 29–30, 321
Trotskyites in, 469
U.S. aid to, 843
see also Manchuria
Chinese, in USSR, deportations and imprisonment of, 528
Chinese Eastern Railway, 30, 83, 84, 144
sale to Manchukuo of, 233, 243
Chita, Siberia, 644, 667
Chkalov, Valery, 425, 451
Choibalsan, Khorloogiin, 196, 280, 287, 461–62, 482, 737
Christie, J. Walter, 91–92
Chubar, Vlas, 100, 102, 103, 180, 225, 308, 540
Chudov, Mikhail, 201, 202, 205
Churchill, Winston, 61, 557, 719, 740, 775, 794, 903
and Anglo-Soviet trade talks, 777
in attempt to provoke Soviet attack on Germany, 850–51
on imminent German invasion of USSR, 882
Maisky and, 709–10
negotiations with Hitler rejected by, 778
as prime minister, 763
in refusal to negotiate with Hitler, 764
scuttling of French navy ordered by, 777–78
Ciano, Galeazzo, 318, 355, 632–33, 647, 816