newsreels in, 215
proposed Cinema City in, 285–86
Stalin’s involvement in, 193, 215–16, 217–18
films, Stalin’s private screenings of, 192–93, 210
Filov, Bogdan, 812, 813
Finance Capital (Hilferding), 760
Finland, 17, 89, 485, 596, 664, 702, 703, 889
British relations with, 708, 709
German alliance with, 748
German relations with, 703–4, 709, 713, 717
mobilization of, 710, 712, 713, 714, 879, 894
neutrality of, 712
“People’s Government” of, 724–25, 729, 730
pro-German sentiment in, 647
Soviet desire for base in, 710, 711, 716
Soviet invasion of, see Winter War
Soviet negotiations with, 705–7, 708–9, 710, 713–14, 715–20, 721
Soviet nonaggression pact with, 93, 703, 722
Soviet relations with, 722–23
Stalin’s fear of invasion from, 27, 50, 703, 704, 707–8, 712
Stalin’s territorial demands on, 710–15, 716, 718, 719, 746
standing army of, 112
Swedish relations with, 711, 717
territory ceded to USSR by, 747–48
Wehrmacht in, 792, 808, 813, 829
Finland, Gulf of, 702, 707, 711, 714, 716, 725, 740
Finnish intelligence, 721–22
Finns, in USSR, 476
Firin-Pupko, Semyon, 413
First Blow, The (Shpanov), 581, 699
First Cavalry Army, The (film), 690
Fischer, Louis, 339, 380
Fitin, Pavel, 627, 804, 836–37, 845, 852, 878, 879, 883–84
Five-Year Plans, 892
first (1928–32), 17, 20–21, 28, 43, 48, 70, 75, 126, 129, 131, 132, 606
second, 115, 132, 159, 190, 402, 606
shortfalls in, 781
third, 402–3, 606–7, 804–5
Flight (Bulgakov), 148
Fomin, Fyodor, 202, 204, 207, 208, 220
food commissariat, arrests in, 405
food rationing, 72, 76, 85, 93–94, 95, 98, 128
end of, 197, 235, 268, 305
food shortages, 16, 41, 404–5
forced labor, Gulag complexes for, see Gulag
Ford, Henry, 71
Ford Motor Company, 32
foreign affairs commissariat, 624
arrests in, 447, 495–96, 582, 625
arrest and torture of Litvinovites in, 626–27
Litvinov’s dismissal from, 625, 632
Molotov as head of, 625
removal of Jews from, 628
Foreign Legion, Spanish, 316
foreign policy, Stalin’s micromanaging of, 624–25
forestry commissariat, arrests in, 405
“former people,” 61, 74–75, 148, 177, 229, 236, 352, 383
Fourth International, 610, 787
France, 317, 340
accused of anti-Soviet plotting, 61–62
avoidance of new war as policy of, 556, 559, 563, 566, 568, 592
British relations with, 242, 298, 592, 612
Czech alliance with, 251–52, 299, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 565, 567, 568, 592, 612
in declaration of war on Germany, 679
German occupation of, 760–61, 765–66, 767, 769, 773, 826, 827, 861, 889
German relations with, 272, 357, 374
and German remilitarization of Rhineland, 288, 592
Germany viewed as threat by, 238, 298, 591–92
Hitler’s view of, as main enemy, 474
in minimal response to German invasion of Poland, 679–80
Munich Pact and, 565–66
in negotiations for Soviet alliance, 173, 188–89, 191, 246
Polish alliance with, 158, 592, 597, 612, 634, 677, 680
Polish independence guaranteed by, 676
political upheaval in, 559
Popular Front government of, 328, 357
and possible Japanese-Soviet war, 89
proposed pact between Britain and, 251
Soviet military talks with, 656–58, 661
Soviet mutual assistance pact with, 248, 249, 255, 266, 272, 275–76, 288, 298, 299, 357, 560, 561, 592, 601, 624, 649
Soviet nonaggression pact with, 93, 146, 251
Soviet relations with, 146, 318–19, 320, 341, 582, 593, 637
Spanish civil war nonintervention policy of, 317
Stalin’s distrust of, 762
Stalin’s gamble on fighting capabilities of, 668–69
Triple Alliance proposal and, 621, 638, 639, 649, 653, 810
France, Vichy, 766, 798, 889
Franco, Francisco, 343, 350, 556, 582, 889
civil war victory of, 615
in failed assault on Madrid, 350–52, 376, 398, 406–7
gradualist strategy favored by, 399
Hitler’s meeting with, 797–98, 815
in Morocco, 314-15
NKVD assassination attempts against, 409
post-civil-war massacres by, 797
right-based coalition built by, 400
rise of, 315-16
Stalin’s view of, 401
as war criminal, 615–16
Frank, Hans, 745, 867
French intelligence, 766
Frinovsky, Mikhail, 342, 391, 413, 415–16, 447, 448, 450, 453, 460, 472, 499, 523, 541
arrest and interrogation of, 617, 618, 620
execution of, 742
and Mongolia mass arrests, 461–62
as naval commissar, 543, 547
in Soviet Far East, 531–32, 534
and Soviet incursion in Manchukuo, 535–36, 537
as Yezhov’s deputy in terror campaign, 452, 497, 500, 528–29, 540
Fritsch, Werner von, 473, 474
“From Factionalism to Open Counterrevolution” (Yezhov), 433
“From the Odessa Jail” (song), 452
Furer, Veniamin, 161, 358
Gagra, 145, 311
shooting incident at, 142
Stalin’s holidays in, 136, 141, 142, 188
Gai, Mark (Stokland), 222, 393
Gaikis, Leonid, 334, 381, 405
Gamarnik, Jan, 58, 90, 350, 418, 423, 424, 443, 527
Gamelin, Maurice, 280, 767
Gamsakhurdia, Konstantin, 512, 513
Gavrilović, Milan, 779, 847–48
Geladze, Keke, 63–64, 109
death of, 421–22
grandchildren’s visit with, 270
Stalin’s correspondence with, 108, 270
Stalin’s visit with, 270–71
Gelovani, Mikhail, 548, 617–18, 745, 854
Genden, Peljidiin, 196, 277, 461
Stalin’s meetings with, 147–48, 195, 278–79
Stalin’s pipe smashed by, 279
George V, king of England, 280
George VI, king of England, 404, 566
Georgia, 138, 354, 547
Beria’s lobbying for aid to, 513–14
Beria’s supreme power in, 501, 506, 512–13
famine in, 81
mass terror in, 502, 508–9, 513, 515–16, 517
nationalism in, 138
1937 harvest in, 514
NKVD in, 508
10th Party Congress in, 509, 512, 517
Gerasimov, Alexander, 395, 436, 733, 854
German embassy, Moscow, evacuation of, 879, 887
German intelligence, 485
Anglo-Soviet trade talks and, 779
in USSR, 775
see also Abwehr; SD
Germans, in USSR, 476
mass arrests and executions of, 356, 453
German-Soviet nonaggression pact, see Hitler-Stalin Pact German Workers’ Party, xiii
Germany, Imperial, in World War I, xv
Germany, interwar, 17
Communists in, 19
depression in, 79–80, 86, 118
failed Communist coup in, 17
1930 elections in, 53
1932 elections in, 118, 119
Reichstag fire in, 120, 142
reparations owed by, 79
rise of Nazism in, 118–19, 129
in secret military cooperation with Soviets, 21
Soviet relations with, 86, 89, 93
unemployment in, 72
Germany, Nazi, 583
in Anti-Comintern Pact, 355–57, 539, 557, 581–82, 596, 655, 667, 677
anti-Communism in, 593
anti-Semitism in, 266–67, 307, 430, 559, 589, 736–37
armaments and machinery supplied to USSR by, 769
Austria annexed by, 292, 558–60, 598
Britain’s naval limitation pact with, 288, 630
Britain’s need for accommodation with, 169, 591
British lack of knowledge about, 242
British relations with, 355, 357, 590, 609, 617, 652, 653, 904
as common enemy of Britain and USSR, 168
Czechoslovakia invaded by, 609, 612, 616, 617, 679, 747, 888
declining reliance on Soviet materials of, 774