133. Interview with Zhukov in Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, p. 377.
134. Konev, Zapiski komanduiushchego frontom, p. 498.
135. Vasilevskii, Delo vsei zhizni, p. 497.
136. The SNK Bureau’s Commission on Current Issues existed from June 1941 to December 1942. The SNK Bureau met in regular session from December 1942 through August 1945. Background on the establishment of these bodies can be found in RGASPI, f. 17, op. 163, d. 1326, l. 233; d. 1350, l. 40; d. 1356, ll. 120–121; d. 1406, l. 27.
137. Ibid., d. 1356, ll. 120–121.
138. Ibid., d. 1406, l. 27.
139. State Defense Committee resolution dated 4 February 1942; RGASPI, f. 644, op. 2, d. 36, ll. 32–35.
140. Mikoian, Tak bylo, p. 465.
141. APRF, f. 3, op. 52, d. 251, l. 93.
142. In December 1943, Andrei Andreev, a Central Committee secretary and Politburo member, was appointed people’s commissar for agriculture.
143. APRF, f. 3, op. 52, d. 251, l. 93; Mikoian, Tak bylo, p. 466.
144. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 163, d. 1420, l. 136.
145. Bulganin was made a member of the State Defense Committee in place of Voroshilov, with whose performance Stalin was displeased. Ibid., op. 3, d. 1051, l. 44, 46.
146. V. A. Zolotarev, ed., Russkii arkhiv. Prikazy narodnogo komissara oborony SSSR. 1943–1945 gg., vol. 13 (2–3) (Moscow, 1997), p. 332.
147. Ibid., p. 337–338.
148. David Brandenberger, National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931–1956 (Cambridge, MA, and London, 2002).
149. Chernobaev, Na prieme u Stalina, p. 417.
150. From notes taken by the head of the Council on the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, G. G. Karpov, on the meeting between Stalin and the church leaders. GARF, f. R-6991, op. 1, d. 1, ll. 1–10; M. I. Odintsov, Russkie patriarkhi XX veka (Moscow, 1994), pp. 283–291.
151. Rzheshevskii, Stalin i Cherchill’, p. 420; Michael Ellman, “Churchill on Stalin: A Note,” Europe-Asia Studies 58, no. 6 (September, 2006): 969–970.
152. GARF, f. R-9401, op. 2, d. 94, ll. 15–27. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 5 (1993): 123–128.
153. Cited in D. Omel’chuk and S. Iurchenko, “Krymskaia konferentsiia: Neizvestnye stranitsy,” Svododnaia mysl, no. 2 (2001): 122–123.
154. Perepiska, vol. 2, pp. 204, 205; V. Pechatnov, Stalin, Ruzvel’t, Trumen: SSSR i SShA v 1940-kh gg. (Moscow, 2006), pp. 305–306.
155. Perepiska, vol. 2, pp. 211, 212; Commission for the Publication of Diplomatic Documents under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the U.S.S.R., comp., Correspondence between Stalin, Roosevelt, Truman, Churchill and Atlee during World War II (Honolulu, 2001), p. 214.
156. Secret telegram from Joseph Stalin to Dwight D. Eisenhower on the eve of the Battle of Berlin; Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2000): 180–181.
157. Krivosheev et al., Velikaia Otechestvennaia bez grifa sekretnosti, p. 171.
158. Shtemenko, General’nyi shtab v gody voiny, p. 265.
159. V. A. Zolotarev and G. N. Sevast’ianov, eds., Velikaia Otechestvennaia Voina. 1941–1945. Voenno-istoricheskie ocherki, vol. 3 (Moscow, 1999), p. 279.
160. Rodina, no. 4 (2005): 99.
Family
1. A. Ostrovskii, Kto stoial za spinoi Stalina? (Moscow, 2002), pp. 235–236.
2. This letter was included in a summary of incoming correspondence prepared for Stalin and then sent to Bulganin, evidently so he could look into granting the requests for assistance; RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 895, l. 59.
3. Ostrovskii, Kto stoial za spinoi Stalina?, p. 249.
4. Ibid., pp. 251–252.
5. Ibid., pp. 308–309, 329, 332–334.
6. Ibid., pp. 340–341.
7. Cited in ibid., pp. 349, 357.
8. Izvestiia TsK KPSS, no. 10 (1989): 190.
9. Izvestiia TsK KPSS, no. 8 (1991): 150.
10. Cited in Iu. G. Murin, comp., Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i. Iz lichnogo arkhiva (Moscow, 1993), pp. 7–8.
11. Ibid., p. 154.
12. Ibid., p. 22.
13. Cited in V. A. Nevezhin, Zastol’ia Iosifa Stalina. Bol’shie kremlevskie priemy 1930-kh–1970-kh gg. (Moscow, 2011), p. 279.
14. “Pis’ma N. S. Alliluevoi Z. G. Ordzhonikidze,” Svobodnaia mysl’, no. 5 (1993): 74.
15. Letter from Nadezhda Allilueva to Maria Svanidze, 11 January 1926; cited in Murin, Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i, p. 154.
16. Ibid., pp. 22–40.
17. Simon Sebag Montefiore explores possible scenarios of what took place that evening in the prologue to his book Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (London, 2003).
18. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 786, ll. 123–124.
19. According to the diary of Maria Svanidze; cited in Murin, Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i, p. 177.
20. Ibid., pp. 157–158.
21. Svetlana Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, trans. Priscilla Johnson McMillan (New York, 1967), pp. 151–152.
22. Cited in R. W. Davies et al., eds., The Stalin-Kaganovich Correspondence, 1931–1936 (New Haven, 2003), pp. 297, 304.
23. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters, p. 151.
24. The discussion of Vasily’s relationship with Stalin is based on Murin, Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i, pp. 54–65, 68–69.
25. GARF, f. R-9401, op. 2, d. 93, ll. 276–278; V. N. Khaustov et al., comps., Lubianka. Stalin i NKVD-NKGB-GUKR “Smersh.” 1939–1946 (Moscow, 2006), pp. 493–494; Murin, Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i, pp. 92–93.
26. Murin, Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i, pp. 69–89, 96–100.
27. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters, p. 180.
28. Cited in Murin, Iosif Stalin v ob"iatiiakh sem’i, pp. 91–92.
Chapter 6. The Generalissimo
1. Cited in Pravda, 25 May 1945.
2. Letter from G. Tsydenov, 23 October 1945; RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 865, l. 6.
3. Letter dated 16 February 1946; RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 867, ll. 14–15; E. Iu. Zubkova et al., comps., Sovetskaia zhizn’. 1945–1953 (Moscow, 2003), pp. 612–613.
4. The summary of incoming correspondence that included quotes from this letter features a notation by Poskrebyshev: “Archive.” It could only have been made on Stalin’s instructions since a number of other letters from the summary were sent to be taken care of by the appropriate official; RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 867, ll. 1–2.
5. Pravda, 14 March 1946.
6. G. F. Krivosheev et al., Velikaia Otechestvennaia bez grifa sekretnosti. Kniga poter’ (Moscow, 2009), p. 42. Without citing a source, Dmitri Volkogonov states that in January 1946 Stalin was given a figure of 15 million dead, including 7.5 million soldiers killed, dying of wounds, or missing in action; Dmitri Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy (New York, 1991), p. 505. It has not been possible to verify this information.
7. For the original of Stalin’s letter, edited in his own hand, see RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 794, ll. 85–89. The letter was published in the magazine Bol’shevik in 1947 (no. 3, pp. 6–8).
8. From a coded telegram from Stalin to Molotov, Beria, Malenkov, and Mikoyan dated 10 November 1945; cited in L. V. Maksimenkov, comp., Bol’shaia tsenzura. Pisateli i zhurnalisty v Strane Sovetov. 1917–1956 (Moscow, 2005), pp. 556–557.