and seizure of power, 50–51, 52
Stalin attacked by, 72–74, 79
–Stalin relationship, 25, 28, 46, 54, 64–65, 67–68, 69–75
Stalin’s correspondence with, 32, 60
Stalin’s support for revolutionary agenda of, 47–49, 52–53
Stalin as student of, 24, 53, 93–94
and Stalin–Trotsky conflict, 62–63
“testament” of, 73, 79, 91, 137
-Trotsky relationship, 51–52, 65–66, 70
on Tsaritsyn terror campaign, 58
Leningrad Affair, 144, 282–283, 310
Leningrad Blockade, 213, 225
Leningrad magazine, 265
Letter writing, citizen, 300–301, 327–329, 377n35, n38
Lewin, Moshe, 74
Liberalization policy, 124–125
Literature: censorship of, 96
in Stalin’s library, 95
Stalin’s taste in, 17, 93, 95–96
Lithuania: and German-Soviet non-aggression pact, 166
postwar repression in, 268
forced resettlement campaign from, 174
sovietization of, 170–171, 173
Litvinov, Maksim Maksimovich, 164, 356n37
Liushkov, Genrikh, 162
Livestock production, postwar, 299–300, 374n15
Lozgachev, P. V., 4
Ludwig, Emil, 16
Main Guard Directorate, 33–34, 35–36
Makhrovsky, Konstantin, 56–57
Malenkov, Georgy Maksimillianovich: 2, Gallery 14
biography of, 332n1
capital investment reduction under, 302
in interregnum period, 312
in leadership reorganizations, 178, 181, 272–273, 282, 303
and Molotov scandal, 271, 272
Politburo appointment of, 177
at Stalin’s deathbed, 143, 189, 311, 312
on Timoshenko, 222
in wartime leadership, 200, 204, 205, 207, 214, 216, 222, 225, 240, 269
Malinovsky, Roman, 28, 29, 32, 337n48
Malinovsky, S. V., 14–15
Mao Zedong, 286
and Korean War, 296
Moscow visit of, 149, 287–288, 289–293
Marshall Plan, 267
Martin, Terry, 325
Martov, Yuly Osipovich, 85, 86, 345n95
Mekhlis, Lev Zakharovich, 199, 220, 221, 360n9
Mensheviks: opposition to armed robberies, 26
in party congresses, 25
in Petrograd Soviet, 43, 44
and Provisional Government, 50
revolutionary agenda of, 24
Menshikov, Mikhail, 144
Merkulov, Vsevolod Nikolaevich, 273, 369n38
Merzliakov, M. A., 31
Meyerhold, Vsevolod Emilyevich, 97, 347n13
Mgeladze, Akaky, 359n42
Miasnikov, Aleksandr, 189, 197, 311
Mikhail, Grand Duke, 42
Mikhoels, Solomon Mikhailovich, 40, 284, 340n23
Mikoyan (Mikoian), Anastas Ivanovich, Gallery 7
on agricultural policy, 302
assassination attempt on, 35
biography of, 334n2
China visit of, 288
dismissal of, 144, 283
in interregnum period, 311
in leadership reorganizations, 178–179, 306–307
and Leningrad Affair, 283
memoirs of, xiv, 332n10
and Molotov scandal, 271, 272
on Moscow evacuation, 214
on Presidium makeup, 306
on price reduction, 321–322
in Stalin faction, 105
at Stalin’s social gatherings, 6
Stalin’s threat to, 144
Stalin’s vacation with, 192
in wartime leadership, 204, 205, 206, 207, 225, 240, 241, 269
Mikoyan (Mikoian), Sergo, 206, 332n10
Military. See Air Force
Soviet-German Front
Red Army
Military production: German, 186–187
Soviet, 183–184, 297–298
Mingrelian Affair, 304–305, 314–315
Mola, Emilio, 153
Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich: 192, Gallery 14
in Baltic states negotiations, 171
biography of, 333–334n2
on collective leadership, 89–90
dismissal of, 144, 284
in foreign affairs post, 164–165, 180
foreign press rumors blamed on, 269, 270–271
and German invasion, 199, 200–201
on grain expropriation, 101
-Hitler four-way alliance negotiations, 174–176
and Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact, 166
in interregnum period, 311, 312
on Kaganovich, 147
in leadership reorganizations, 178, 179–180, 181, 306–307
in Mao’s Moscow visit, 289
negotiations with West, 267
and postwar settlement, 269–270
purge of wife, 283–284, 314
in Stalin faction, 105
Stalin’s attacks on, 181–182, 270–272, 283
on Stalin’s mental state, 197, 204–205
on Stalin’s security, 34
Stalin’s threat to, 144, 146
on Trotsky, 154
in wartime leadership, 202, 204, 205, 206, 214, 216, 225, 240, 269
Western allies visited by, 223
Monetary reform, 274–280, 321
Montefiore, Simon Sebag, ix Moscow Conference, 212
Moscow, Siege of: defenses in, 217
and evacuation plans, 214–216
October Revolution anniversary celebrations in, 217–219
political stability during, 216
popular uprisings during, 216–217
Stalin’s presence during, 227–228
Movie screenings, 2–3, 93, 96–97, 347n12
Munich Agreement, 163–164, 167
Munitions industry, 183–184, 185–186
Murphy, David, 357–358n76
Music, Stalin’s taste in, 97
Nakhimov, Pavel, 242
Nationalities. See Ethnic groups Nationalities commission, 65
NATO, 281, 297
Nazaretian, Amaiak, 66–67
Nazi Germany: in Anti-Comintern Pact, 154
collaborators in occupied territories, 232
collapse of, 231, 247
invasion of Czechoslovakia, 164
invasion of Poland, 169–170
invasion of Soviet Union, 173, 176, 187–188, 198–202
military production of, 186–187
in Munich Agreement, 163–164, 167
occupation of Europe, 173, 174
-Soviet non-aggression pact, 165–169, 174
Stalin’s overtures to, 164–166
in Tripartite Pact, 174. See also Soviet-German Front
Nevsky, Aleksandr, 242
New Economic Policy (NEP): under collective leadership, 81, 82, 110
under Lenin, 7, 64–65
party infighting over, 87, 88
Stalin’s restructuring of, 100–104
New York Times, 271
Nicholas II, abdication of, 42
Nicolaevsky, Boris, 22
Nikolaev, Leonid: background of, 129–130
execution of relatives, 351n68
motives for Kirov’s murder, 130–131
murder of Kirov, 128–129, 131–132, 351n68
prior detentions by NKVD, 132
NKVD: fabricated evidence of, 140
formation of, 125
in Kirov murder investigation, 131–133
in Kremlin Affair, 139
Order No.00447, 150
purge of, 140, 160
in Trotsky murder, 174
Yezhov’s direction of Terror, 157, 158–159
Nomenklatura: new stock, 147
privileged lifestyle of, 320
purge of, 139–140, 144, 150, 282–283, 304, 320
Stalin’s control over, 36–37, 147–148
Stalin’s reorganization of, 178
Norway, German occupation of, 174
Nuclear development, 293, 297
October Revolution, 8, 50–53
anniversary of, 217–219
Onufrieva, Pelageia, 251–252
Order No. 227, 223
Order No. 270, 210
Ordzhonikidze, Grigory Konstantinovich: 66, 82, 192, Gallery 7
biography of, 343n55
on Central Committee expulsion of left opposition, 90
on factional disputes, 106–107
and “Georgian Affair,” 71, 73
health of, 102
on industrialization, 109
and Lenin-Stalin conflict, 73
on peasant uprisings, 115
in power struggle, 76
in Stalin faction, 105
suicide of, 140, 177
Ordzhonikidze, Zinaida, 253
Orlov, A. Ya., 289
Osinsky, Valerian Valerianovich, 85–86, 345n92
Ostrovskii, Aleksandr, 19
Panic-mongers and cowards, campaign against, 223
Parade of Our Troops on Moscow’s Red Square on 7 November 1941 (film), 218–219
Party apparat. See Nomenklatura