ethnic minorities in, 558
French alliance with, 251–52, 299, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 565, 567, 568, 592, 612
German invasion of, 609, 612, 616, 617, 679, 747, 888
Hungarian seizure of territory in, 609
Munich Pact and, 565–66
in negotiations for Soviet alliance, 191
Polish seizure of territory in, 609
Silesian territory added to Poland by, 574
Soviet failure to support, 572, 574
Soviet mutual assistance pact with, 191, 251–52, 299, 341, 413, 560, 561, 563, 565, 567, 568
Stalin’s disgust with, 413–14
Sudetenland in, see Sudetenland
USSR recognized by, 173
d’Abernon, Lord, xiv
Dachau concentration camp, 560
Dagin, Israel, 415, 526, 541
Daladier, Édouard, 378, 565, 566, 592, 658, 673, 679, 762
Dalstroi (Far Northern Construction Trust), 133, 220, 598–99
Danton, Georges, 3
Danube, 794, 796
Danzig, 158, 596, 597, 613, 614, 615, 616, 652, 655, 658, 677, 895
Hitler’s trip to, 684–85
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 435
Davies, Joseph, 480–81
Days of the Turbins, The (Bulgakov), 148–49, 230
defense commissariat:
arrests in, 405
Kremlin as responsibility of, 228, 229
see also Voroshilov, Klim E.
de Gaulle, Charles, 765
Deich, Yakov, 415, 499
Dekanozov, Vladimir, 541, 588, 610–11, 627, 772, 805, 807
as ambassador to Germany, 822, 823, 846, 855, 863–66, 872, 880, 890, 896, 899
dekulakization, 35–39, 53, 58, 70, 74, 84, 103, 127–28, 137, 227, 299, 439, 448, 450, 483, 606
human cost of, 131
internal deportations in, 36, 70, 74–75, 76, 117, 286
mass executions in, 75, 452
Demchenko, Maria, 226, 227
Demetradze, Davit, 512, 513
Demid, Gelegdorjiin, 197, 279, 287, 461
Denmark, 252, 774, 800
German occupation of, 762–63, 889
depression, global, 63, 79
see also Great Depression
Derevyansky, Vladimir, 707, 710
dialectical materialism, 570, 576
Dimitrov, Georgi:
appointed Comintern general secretary, 262–63
on Axis pact, 793
Bulgaria and, 813–14
on capture of Chiang, 361
Chinese Communists and, 330, 373, 744, 813
illnesses of, 176
Spanish civil war and, 347, 406
Stalin’s relationship with, 171, 189–90, 362, 446, 812–13
united front policy and, 175, 189, 259, 320, 362, 470–71
Diplomacy (Kissinger), 579
Dirksen, Herbert von, 144, 221, 609, 652, 676
Divine Comedy, The (Alighieri), vii
Dneprostroi, 41, 95
Dnieper River, 84
Doi, Akio, 650, 653, 713
Donbass, 161, 206, 253, 273, 550
decimation of party apparatus in, 445
Don River valley, 124
Donskoi Monastery, mass burials at, 479–80
Doumenc, Joseph, 657–58, 673
Draule, Milda, 199, 200
Kirov’s murder and, see Kirov, Sergei, murder of
marriage of Nikolayev and, 197–98
Drax, Reginald, 656–58, 659, 661, 664, 673
Dreitser, Yefim, 313, 320, 324
Drohobycz oilfields, 685, 686, 696
drought of 1931, 75–76, 87
Dubinsky, Ilya, 427–28
Dunayevsky, Isaac, 216, 293, 795, 853
Dunkirk, evacuation of, 765
Duranty, Walter, 63, 146
Dvinsky, Boris, 162, 499, 681, 682, 734
Dzierzyński, Felix, 229, 345, 419, 438, 471
Eastern Pact (proposed), 173, 183–84, 191, 222
collapsed negotiations for, 239
Hitler’s rejection of, 189
Eastern Siberia, 70, 75, 90, 97, 128, 198, 460, 779
East Prussia, 596, 613, 614, 679
economy, Soviet, 831
barter in, 39
black markets in, 781–82
and difficulty of obtaining foreign financing, 17–18
Five-Year Plans in, see Five-Year Plans
foreign debt in, 86–87
growth rate drop in, 821
Gulag labor and, 692
inflation in, 39–40, 46, 48
Marxist doctrine and, 691–92
per capita consumption in, 404–5
Eden, Anthony, 242, 280, 288, 292, 398, 648, 836, 868
on Hitler’s harping on Soviet threat, 242–43, 244
joint communiqué of Stalin and, 245
in meeting with Hitler, 240–41, 254
Stalin’s meetings with, 243–44, 251, 254, 255
on Stalin’s personality, 245–46
education, Stalin’s belief in power of, 464
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 170, 255, 256, 334, 339, 481, 497, 517, 545, 635, 670, 858
Eideman, Roberts (Eidemanis), 414, 422–23
Eihe, Roberts, 40, 48–49, 58, 190, 225, 453–54, 549
Eisenstein, Sergei, 215, 217, 218, 230, 284, 417, 635, 671, 770, 812, 853
Eismont, Nikolai, 113, 114
Eitingon, Naum “Leonid,” 610, 611–12
“Elder,” see Schulze-Boysen, Harro
elites, Soviet, 5, 76, 272, 304
access to consumer goods of, 208
terror campaign and, 308, 544
widespread resentment of, 308, 439, 544
Elser, Georg, 700–701, 720
émigré groups, anti-Soviet, 34, 48, 62, 65–66, 106, 349, 352–53, 378, 385, 437
Soviet penetration of, 12, 76, 322, 349, 437
Engels, Friedrich, 261, 573
Enigma machine, 850, 857, 882, 884, 890, 891
enlightenment commissariat, arrests in, 405
Erkko, Eljas, 704, 707, 710, 718–19
Ermler, Friedrich, 372–73
Espionage and Counter-Espionage, M.I.-4 (Russell), 423
Essays on the History of the Roman Empire (Vipper), 493
Estonia, 17, 50, 89, 485, 596, 634, 664, 703, 786
failed Communist coup in, 17
German nonaggression pact with, 647
Red Army troops in, 770–71
Soviet annexation of, 772
Soviet bases in, 714
Soviet pacts with, 93, 693, 694, 708, 715
standing army of, 112
Estonians, in USSR, 476
Ethiopia, see Abyssinia
Europe, failed Communist revolutions and coups in, 17
“Everything Higher: Aviation March” (song), 186
Face of the Day, The (Wasilewska), 789
Fadeyev, Alexander, 151, 153, 424, 437, 512–13, 789
Fall of Paris, The (Ehrenburg), 858
famine of 1891–92, 127
famine of 1921–23, 129
famine of 1931–33, 81, 87–88, 106–7, 112–13, 135, 169, 302
cannibalism in, 122
collectivization and dekulakization as causes of, 128–29
crowd seizures of grain warehouses in, 94
death and disease in, 122, 124, 127, 129
end of, 305
flight from collectives in, 41, 75, 76, 93, 99, 101, 106, 117
household gardens in, 125–26
1933 harvest in, 130
official explanations of, 128–29
OGPU and, 122, 129–30
policy concessions in, 95–98, 99, 100
politburo relief measures for, 123
rationing in, 72, 76, 85, 93–94, 98
reported theft of grain in, 101–2
Stalin’s blaming of peasants for, 128, 129
workers’ strikes and, 95
Farinacci, Roberto, 398–99
fascism, 156, 302
Italian, 19
popular front struggle against, 370
Stalin on, 157, 287
Fear (Afinogenov), 152
Fedotov, Pyotr, 873–74
Feldman, Boris, 412, 423–24
Ferdinand, Franz, archduke of Austria, 88, 558
Feuchtwanger, Lion, 363
on 1937 Trotskyite trial, 371
Stalin’s meetings with, 368–70, 416–17
fifth column:
in lead-up to German invasion of USSR, 774–75
Mola’s coining of term, 351
Nazi recruiting of, 891
as rationale for mass arrests, 428–29
fighters:
British, 782–83
German, 351, 407, 755–56, 783
Soviet, 78, 346, 351, 567, 668, 756, 820, 839
film industry, Soviet, 192
budget of, 193
musical comedies in, 215–16