Madrid:
air attacks on, 323, 350, 351
fall of, 615
Franco’s failed assault on, 350–52, 376, 398, 406–7
Magadan, 133, 599
Maginot Line, 592, 766, 827
Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine, 32, 75, 94, 96
Main Military Council, Soviet, 473, 547, 562, 564–65, 726, 736, 757
Main Military Council, Soviet, June 1937 session of, 417–18, 435
arrests of members of, 420–21
Blyukher’s report to, 420
interrogation reports presented to, 418
Stalin’s address to, 418–19
Voroshilov’s reports to, 418
Maisky, Ivan, 242, 280, 339, 614, 621, 622, 623, 627, 633, 648, 652, 656, 663, 719, 739, 740, 775, 776, 778, 780, 858, 868, 884, 890
Churchill and, 709–10
Triple Alliance proposal and, 638
Makhatadze, Nikolai, 81–82
Maksimovsky, Vladimir, 4–5
Malenkov, Georgy, 280, 839
inventories of “former people” drawn up by, 383, 391
on justification for mass terror, 483
list of candidates for NKVD head compiled by, 540–41
mass arrests overseen by, 350, 516
regional party arrests and, 444, 518
Stalin’s correspondence with, 383
Yezhov denounced by, 542
Yezhov’s file on, 619
Malraux, André, 181–82, 255, 256, 417, 635
Maly, Tivadar “Theodore,” 222, 409, 546–47
Malyshev, Vyacheslav, 603, 757, 832
managerial class, arrests of, 434, 444, 445, 599, 821
Manchukuo, 125, 277, 299, 527, 531, 852
Chinese Eastern Railway sold to, 233, 243
Japanese troops in, 536, 730; see also Kwantung Army, Japanese
Soviet border clashes with, 456–57, 535–40, 547, 557, 562, 597, 644–45, 650, 667–70, 677, 683, 726, 755, 902
Soviet relations with, 144
Manchuria, 29–30
Japanese occupation of, 83–84, 88
Japanese puppet state in, see Manchukuo
Soviet invasion of, 30–31
Mandelstam, Nadezhda, 169–70, 544, 635
Mandelstam, Osip, 404
arrest and internal exile of, 169–70, 186
Mannerheim, Gustaf, 708–9, 717–18, 739, 747
on Red Army capabilities, 749–50
Mannerheim Line, 727, 743, 753
Manuilsky, Dmytro, 168, 171, 189, 361, 362, 446
Man with a Gun (Pogodin), 476
Man with the Gun, The (film), 548
Mao Zedong, 360, 367, 370, 373, 458, 471, 539, 744, 805, 813
and capture of Chiang, 361, 363–64
negotiation with Nationalists offered by, 330
rise of, 277
Marco Polo Bridge, 457
Marmara, Sea of, 13
Martel, Giffard, 340
Marty, André, 338, 405, 406
Marx, Harpo, 145
Marx, Karl, 2–3, 302, 493–94, 573
Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute, 154, 734
Marxism, 131
capitalism as viewed by, 6
Hegel’s influence on, 302
idealism of, 6
Stalin’s dedication to, 10, 573, 576–77, 691
Marxism-Leninism, 3, 6, 49, 304, 494, 901
Stalin’s role in synthesis of, 8
Stalin’s view of, 10, 570–71
Maryasin, Lev, 436
Mason-MacFarlane, Noel, 629
mass violence:
Communism’s justification of, 6–7
Stalin’s use of, see terror campaign
Master and Margarita, The (Bulgakov), 635, 746
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (Lenin), 691
Matsesta sulfur baths, 4, 47, 98, 264, 311
Matsuoka, Yōsuke, 851–52, 855, 860
Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 149, 181–82, 276
Mdivani, Polikarp “Budu,” 337, 509, 515, 542
Mediterranean, German “peripheral strategy” in, 784, 791, 798, 815, 835, 837, 838, 849, 905
Medved, Filipp, 79, 201, 235
Kirov murder and, 202, 204–5, 206, 208, 220
as Leningrad NKVD head, 193–94
Stalin’s lack of confidence in, 194
Mein Kampf (Hitler), xiv, 158, 238, 245, 630, 681–82, 845, 867
Meissner, Otto, 810, 872
Mekhlis, Lev, 57, 193, 230, 390, 496, 698, 699, 719, 749
and arrests of Red Army officer corps, 426
Beria criticized by, 508, 509
as deputy defense commissar, 530
elevated to Central Committee, 162
Kirov murder and, 205
as Pravda editor, 425
in Soviet Far East, 530, 531, 533, 534, 535–36, 537
in Winter War, 731, 735, 751, 753
Meltzer, Judith “Yulia,” 272–73, 388
Member of the Government, A (film), 745–46
Mensheviks, 40, 50, 99, 116, 176, 233, 254, 467
as émigrés, 34, 48, 62, 65–66, 106, 349, 352–53, 378, 385, 437; see also émigré groups, anti-Soviet
Mercader, Ramón, 611–12, 787
Merekalov, Aleksei, 621–22, 623, 631
Meretskov, Kirill, 380, 417, 707–8, 723
as army chief of staff, 758, 779
promoted to general, 759
Red Army shortcomings reported by, 825
Winter War and, 726, 727, 729, 735, 736, 743, 753
Merkulov, Vsevolod, 260, 508, 542, 588, 606, 619, 717, 805, 807, 852, 874, 883
Meshcherino, 540, 542–43, 619
Messing, Stanisław, 23, 24, 35, 78
Metekhi fortress prison, 509
Mexico, Trotsky in, 368, 610, 787, 892
Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 284, 476, 649–50, 740, 770
Mężyński, Wiaczesław, 14, 22, 23, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 64, 77, 79, 103, 134, 345, 478
Mikhailov, Maxim, 594–95
Mikhoels, Solomon, 231, 635
Mikoyan, Anastas, 16, 41, 43, 55, 64, 96, 114, 176, 180, 209, 225, 262, 278, 308, 314, 385, 428–29, 471, 516, 843
on cult of Stalin, 7
and German trade negotiations, 598, 696, 756, 786
as inner circle member, 262, 386, 500, 526
Kirov murder and, 205
and proposed replacement of Rykov, 55
Stalin’s breaking of, 386
on Stalin’s darkening mind-set, 491
on Stalin’s eating habits, 165
Stalin’s mealtime meetings with, 225
Mikulina, Yelena, 18–19
military, Soviet:
budget of, 223, 278, 821
December 1940 conference of, 824–27
forward defense doctrine of, 824–25, 830, 844, 871, 881, 885
intelligence department of, see Soviet military intelligence
preemptive strike against Germany envisioned by, 869–71
Stalin’s refusal to order full war footing for, 869–70
Stalin’s rejection of preemptive strikes by, 870
war plans of, 779, 843–44, 869–71
see also navy, Soviet; Red Air Force; Red Army; Soviet Far Eastern Army
military academy graduations, Stalin’s speeches at, 249–50, 860–61
Miliukov, Paul, 746–47
Mironov, Sergei (Miron Korol), 415, 461, 471, 482
as NKVD head in Western Siberia, 449–50, 451
secret police career of, 448–49
Mironova, Agnessa, 449, 461
modernity, mass-based, 296–97
Mogilevsky, Solomon, 139–40
Moiseyev, Igor, 593, 648
Mola, Emilio, 315–16, 318, 351, 407, 428
Molchanov, Georgy, 228, 389
Moldavia, Moldavians, 138, 786
Molière, 231
Molière (Bulgakov), 284–85
Molotov, Vyacheslav:
on Anti-Comintern Pact, 357, 655
antipathy toward Litvinov of, 623, 624, 625
appointed head of government, 65
on arrests of staff, 581
on Axis pact, 793
background of, 65
Beria’s rivalry with, 550, 692
Berlin visit of, 794, 797, 798–99, 803, 805–9, 811, 815, 818
Bessarabia ultimatum of, 773
Britain viewed as main enemy by, 274
and British trade talks, 776, 777
on Bukharin’s relationship with Stalin, 433
as Central Committee member, 605
economic policy and, 257, 258
on famine of 1931–33, 127
at February 1937 Central Committee plenum, 386, 388, 389, 396–97
Finnish negotiations and, 708–9, 710, 711, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718–19, 720
as foreign affairs commissar, 625, 863
as Germanophile, 643, 780