accused of collusion with Nazis, 369, 387
accused of coup plots, 253, 279–80
in China, 371, 469
mass arrests of, 294, 299, 311, 313, 319, 324, 502
1937 showcase trial of, 371–72, 373, 376
rightist conspiracy with, 357, 476, 480
in Spanish civil war, 374, 425, 431
Trotskyite-Zinovievite conspiracy, 294, 295, 319, 336, 344, 345, 486
Red Army and, 396
showcase trial of, 311, 313, 314, 319, 328, 330–33, 335, 336, 337, 338, 343–44, 363, 369–70, 376, 504
Tsuji Masanobu, 650–51
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, 21, 78, 244, 266, 269–70, 272, 341, 395, 404, 412, 418, 758, 825
accusations against, 52, 54, 58, 377, 378, 397, 407, 411–12, 419, 423, 428, 429–30, 454
arrest and confessions of, 414, 419
attacks on Poland and Romania urged by, 92, 168
in call for modernization of Red Army, 51–52, 91, 96
in Congress of Soviets report on Red Army buildup, 2223
German threat as concern of, 245, 280
military talent of, 428, 431
Stalin and, 96, 290–91
trial and execution of, 422–24, 456, 521, 527, 529, 546, 670, 755, 893
Voroshilov’s enmity toward, 51–52, 397–98, 412, 418
Tuominen, Arvo “Poika,” 723–24
Tupikov, Vasily, 829, 845, 848, 858, 880, 883
Tupolev, Andrei N., 425, 696
Turkey, 17, 735, 740, 802, 813, 814, 840, 872
Trotsky’s exile in, 12–13, 28, 506, 610
Turkish Straits, 813, 819, 831
Turkmenistan, 138, 444
Twardowski, Fritz von, 269–70, 275
Twelve Chairs, The (Ilf and Petrov), 285
“25,000ers,” 36–38, 42, 43, 123
“Tyrants Destroyed” (Nabokov), 550
Uborevičius, Jeronimas, 21, 51, 78, 266, 341, 378, 395, 412, 414, 421, 422–23
Uglanov, Nikolai, 104, 107
Ukraine, 38, 77, 81, 125, 127, 138, 147, 180, 275, 773
annexation of Polish territory by, 716
anti-Soviet fifth column in, 774–75, 892
ethnic Poles in, 211
famine in, 98, 100, 102, 113, 122, 123, 129
German aerial reconnaissance of, 855
grain procurements in, 102, 106, 117, 128
mass arrests in, 520, 522
Poland’s destabilization efforts in, 89, 102
purges in, 124
terror campaign in, 517, 520, 522
Ulan Bator, 280, 289, 461, 462, 482
Ulrich, Vasily, 212, 331, 373, 423–24, 479
Ulyanova, Maria, 387, 425, 602
Umansky, Konstantin, 854–55
Under the Big Top (Ilf and Petrov), 293
Unforgettable Meeting, An (Yefanov), 733
Union of Soviet Writers, 151, 177–87
United States:
bank failures in, 85–86
British aid from, 833–35, 843, 904
Chinese aid from, 843
and Germany’s plans for Soviet invasion, 854–55
Hitler’s envy of, 833–34
industrial capacity of, 816, 834
Japanese codes broken by, 855
Nazi attacks on Jews criticized by, 598
1929 stock market crash in, 27–28, 32
1931 stock market crash in, 85
Soviet relations with, 63, 145, 263
support for Britain in, 791, 793
unemployment in, 72
in World War I, 833
Unpublished Shchedrin, 186
Urals, 122, 128
Uritsky, Semyon, 252–53, 341, 342, 378, 413, 423
Ürümqi, Xinjiang, 167, 459
Uspensky, Alexander, 449, 499, 521–23, 541, 578, 620
USSR and the Capitalist Encirclement, The, 598
Utyosov, Leonid, 215–16, 451–52, 888
Uzbekistan, 138, 354, 451, 453, 773
Valedinsky, Ivan, 47, 365
Vannikov, Boris, 738–39, 878
Varga, Jenő, 172, 401–2, 545, 791
Vasilevsky, Alexander, 739, 750–51, 806, 843, 869, 871
Vernadsky, Vladimir, 482, 618, 689–90
Versailles, Treaty of (1919), xv, 21, 63, 80, 143, 158, 168, 218, 243–44, 288, 557, 559, 566, 591
Hitler’s denunciation of, 240, 254, 612, 630, 675
Vishnevsky, Vsevolod, 417, 581, 672, 690, 719, 788, 849
Vistula River, 679, 684, 686, 695
Viva, Villa! (film), 230
Vladivostok, 133, 528, 535
Vlasik, Nikolai, 141–42, 166, 178, 267, 526, 618, 663
Volga military district, 77, 411, 530, 759, 811
Volga region, 27, 30, 39, 70, 75, 87, 98, 101, 122, 128, 180, 182
Volynskoe, Stalin’s dacha at, see Near Dacha
Voroshilov, Klim E.:
army buildup and, 99, 100–101
army loyalty defended by, 396–97
army maneuvers and, 265, 266, 341
and decimation of officer corps, 426–27, 754
as defense commissar, 20, 21, 30, 33, 51, 66, 77, 248–49, 251, 262, 290, 340, 395–96, 473, 529, 567, 605
at February 1937 plenum, 394, 396–97
as inner circle member, 393, 500, 526
as key to survival of Stalin dictatorship, 69
and Manchukuo border clashes, 539–40, 644–45, 650, 651
military intelligence and, 172, 252
in military talks with Britain and France, 656, 657–58, 661
military training lacked by, 395, 758
replaced by Timoshenko as defense commissar, 757
sixtieth birthday celebration of, 832
at Sochi, 135–36
Soviet Far East and, 536
and Soviet invasion of Poland, 681
Spanish civil war and, 381, 382, 405–6
Stalin’s correspondence with, 88, 100–101, 123, 265, 406
Stalin’s psychological breaking of, 500
Stalin’s relationship with, 110, 394–95
Tukhachevsky despised by, 51–52, 397–98, 412, 418
Tukhachevsky trial and, 423, 424
Winter War and, 724, 726, 735, 736, 740–41, 743, 751
Voznesensky, Nikolai, 840, 843, 863
Vrang, Birger, 711, 713
Vyborg (Viipuri), Finland, 712, 743, 746, 748
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 62, 212, 213, 232, 319, 328, 354, 405, 478, 772, 796, 802–3, 811, 851
Waffen-SS, 475
Walküre, Die (Wagner), 812
Wang Ming, 362, 469, 470–71
Warlimont, Walter, 685, 686, 824
water transport commissariat, 498, 499, 543, 587
Wehrmacht, 341, 420, 431, 566, 609, 654, 766
buildup of, 240, 246, 266, 269–70
in Bulgaria, 872
in Finland, 792, 808, 813, 829
Hitler’s military leadership criticized in, 473
in Lvov clash with Red Army, 685–86
mechanized units in, 767–68, 877
in Polish invasion, 620–21, 678–79, 682, 684, 687
Soviet invasion plans and, see Germany, Nazi, Soviet invasion preparations of
unpreparedness of, 559, 566–67
in Yugoslavia invasion, 848–49
Weizsäcker, Ernst von, 621–22, 623, 639, 640, 646, 650, 651, 657, 793, 806, 866, 896
Welkisch, Kurt (“ABC”), 221, 651, 699, 840–41
Welkisch, Margarita (“LCL”), 221, 699
Welles, Sumner, 854–55
Wells, H. G., 48, 178, 296
Western military district, 779, 838, 899
Western Siberia, 16, 40, 41, 48
mass arrests and executions in, 451, 452, 517, 549
White Sea–Baltic Canal, 133, 134, 153, 194
Wilson, Horace, 652, 656
Winter War, 735, 739, 751, 774, 776, 827, 828, 893
Finnish “People’s Government” and, 723–25, 729
Finnish surrender in, 746–47
Finnish tactical superiority in, 727–28
opening Red Army attacks in, 723
Soviet February offensive in, 742–43, 746
Soviet strategic and tactical mistakes in, 726–27, 731, 748, 820
Stalin’s assessment of, 753–54, 760
Stalin’s personal management of, 726, 730, 731–32
Witte, Sergei, xv, 297, 792
working class:
absenteeism and job changing in, 782
consumer goods and, 268
growth of, 72, 73, 85
peasants and, 368
World War I, xi, xiii, xv, 275, 301, 485, 833, 890, 903
World War II:
air support for mechanized units in, 826–27
onset of, 91, 679
see also specific countries